通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。
3 F! B8 z7 K' f3 p, r. f7 c if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。* o' q$ R8 v0 M F
If you will/would wait a moment I’ll see if Mr Jones is free.6 V6 ^5 ?, e2 b
请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候)
* O( _3 N- U; z7 ^8 h4 Z9 P& L I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.' D( E+ x$ e7 J- k% u) p5 C/ h3 G
如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。
$ v A/ Y! z' }+ t6 ?4 ^ 假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。& q! d; V7 ?* g1 a5 Y: \
If you’d fill up this form.
9 S/ w! q+ a7 P) k# P 请填好这张表。3 W/ Q3 x& H- `: Y f
(in a hotel) If you’d just sign the register.0 K y$ Z1 x# G
(在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。
# o" |9 g/ x5 n. m (in a shop)If you’d put your address on the back of the cheque.
. O1 f. C2 w8 z. I (在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。% N4 [5 F2 `+ L8 G. Y% i
(in a classroom)If you’d open your books.
) d& w6 p. k( R% n7 e2 R5 A2 R [ (在教室里)请打开你们的书。9 u- K4 e: O) J2 F' @4 r- C& C7 J( _! }
表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:
! v4 S4 ]9 J$ ]; f U) w" \' B If he’ll listen to me I’ll be able to help him.4 [0 `( H7 n' r7 _
如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听……)9 }- }+ @3 j" O; I9 |
If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I’d cook it for him.$ M* ~- r! B( @- V
如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won’t时,则意味着拒绝:" u. |- _& V ^% l6 N" W
If he won’ t listen to me I can’t help him. ; J9 j& [. l4 K& G# _, h
如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听……)
" z8 R8 n0 E& a If they won’t accept a cheque we’ll have to pay cash. # ~' S* d j3 \& i9 }( K
如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收……)
; M- o Z/ P$ v: T5 j Will 可以用来表示执意坚持:
* j+ p) v: V+ H8 d7 W) K* D% K, M If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain.) M. W! X2 G3 G3 G+ h
如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话……)
( ^% [" g7 u8 R8 N4 D4 x, ^ if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:7 b' V0 ?& x3 H+ v
If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you. 6 Q' t' h" }* i: p- F0 Q
如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。
8 K. Z9 ?1 ~. ] If you’d care to see the photographs I’ll bring them round, ^0 Y2 y$ f4 l* r$ Y- q& D
如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。
9 r% M$ l& i, T+ Q1 a$ [ If he’d like to leave his car here he can. 7 m' ]+ ^$ F* `" [* `! g
如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。
$ O. @( G0 H4 g% P 但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would:
) u; ~8 V8 z* b% C) |5 d) F If you like I’ll get a ticket for you. , |# x/ ~# R8 R* J; ^6 k0 \; |
如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。& l, e* Y+ [7 s0 b
但是说:
6 r$ G, A& n. @6 j If you’d like a ticket I’ll get one for you. $ f* t) c0 ~' c t
(译文同上。)% Z0 C# T7 x$ L& i3 P9 F5 b; X: E
If he likes he can leave his car here. 2 J& K+ W7 b7 [$ P" t, L
如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。2 F9 d, H1 t% E9 n$ Y& K
但是说:
) p# \) }# h8 W3 D If he’d like to leave his car here he can./He can leave it here - z0 c7 @/ I4 I3 K- S4 } [+ z6 f
if he’d like to.(译文同上。)8 R1 J, A& E+ `( m B0 M/ I u
if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:/ Z& b! r/ f6 A9 W
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number./ d3 G9 g4 q+ H/ L8 o
万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。+ ?6 c1 l9 m6 L
If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once.7 W! M. `5 A( w5 _' O$ K- a \
饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。
, a! u6 q0 F3 X! ~+ A2 X( J4 a should可以位于句首而省略掉if:
j& ^5 `* z/ A5 V Should these biscuits arrive… |