通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。$ p, U, {5 V" j+ s* {) M2 M0 H
if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。
8 ^# D) m% c5 u( P9 b If you will/would wait a moment I’ll see if Mr Jones is free.; u( ]& ~3 _ C) p# O
请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候)
4 t" ` |3 r; G4 t4 Q! Y, n I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.; b5 h% ~# n- P
如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。
$ y3 T) W( s6 o6 S 假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。" H% ?8 H( ?8 a: Y- C9 e
If you’d fill up this form.
4 }+ ~. ~! _ b4 G- K, v, R# a 请填好这张表。
' q# P( N4 G# A( D& F; i. U( @ (in a hotel) If you’d just sign the register.
5 W% Z' d6 ^1 r2 o (在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。; N9 a: s) |/ v" |$ |8 Z' H( m
(in a shop)If you’d put your address on the back of the cheque.' ~6 p7 C4 O; |) n
(在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。
8 a3 z9 f+ e/ W (in a classroom)If you’d open your books.. E: }3 F' v# O$ Y
(在教室里)请打开你们的书。2 J, B. ? r' v( c1 M' o' w
表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:3 s$ P$ t @: c g0 W8 ]5 T. f
If he’ll listen to me I’ll be able to help him.8 A+ }6 ]: |$ z* Y2 ?& C
如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听……)
) X% r4 o# \4 g, h" [1 w If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I’d cook it for him.8 ~1 Z5 T, F" g; f% q
如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won’t时,则意味着拒绝:
% R: `0 c$ Z! Y! [ c If he won’ t listen to me I can’t help him.
( {" E. A% H4 o$ p 如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听……)* p! T" S; N4 L3 f5 s4 a. t+ Y$ r7 p
If they won’t accept a cheque we’ll have to pay cash. . B1 d6 w; P5 F& l: }- w: I
如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收……)
0 b, K" X$ f F7 j0 Z' Z) U Will 可以用来表示执意坚持:
1 c8 f5 [& F6 v1 S3 B If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain.6 d& s- P7 B9 G+ b! s/ \
如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话……)
9 n; R' i' s, _4 z. w if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:7 Q# n; I; v2 o) D- u3 J6 ]1 W
If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you.
$ W- @, D7 Q# k) } 如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。
7 m; I7 N4 _7 d If you’d care to see the photographs I’ll bring them round
8 f/ [5 k3 J. S3 u2 i 如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。; b' O5 } @( M+ t: U/ o$ P) N; ?
If he’d like to leave his car here he can. 7 H5 D1 Z2 q! a7 j4 h7 n7 T; \
如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。/ ` q# j3 J0 P* j1 D
但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would: # P2 t% T/ c& q) k- J
If you like I’ll get a ticket for you.
, g& _ m! M0 E7 o 如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。 u3 P' ?6 w7 X8 E8 Z# O7 g2 m
但是说:# X W! E3 G0 G$ J0 F3 V
If you’d like a ticket I’ll get one for you.
( |, D( B! A& Y3 D7 P4 q- ? (译文同上。)
3 Q X2 Q9 O$ |2 ^7 W If he likes he can leave his car here.
* Z8 g4 m. J1 S' q 如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。8 r- l* ^# w+ {/ T6 e- `
但是说:: Y5 B( G; {9 W& n
If he’d like to leave his car here he can./He can leave it here " T) h1 X- \# a
if he’d like to.(译文同上。)$ o; i' W- M" l/ K8 y
if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:
: s2 V- q6 d- C& ~- X: }+ ] If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.
# p# K$ h: r! z0 t+ E, ] 万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。
4 N* v Y/ D; v If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once.0 N7 u9 B6 G* e% @) f" Q. [
饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。3 i; Y) g4 J6 V6 f
should可以位于句首而省略掉if:2 U8 d+ C, e+ s/ F, F1 r2 z
Should these biscuits arrive… |