if从句中的动词用过去完成时,主句中的动词用条件完成时。这种句子所指的时间是过去;所提出的条件是不可能实现的,因为if从句中的动作在过去并未发生。
0 j0 Z: `0 d; Z9 W* ^& a If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port." z; C# ?1 S5 s5 H3 s+ h7 M
要是我早知道你要来的话,我就会在机场接你了。(但我不知道,所以我也没去。)
* u1 y/ g$ V1 G1 ]6 T+ ? If he had tried to leave the country he would have been stopped at the frontier.3 g1 l# k! J% I
要是他当时试图离开这个国家,他就会在边界被阻拦。(但他并未这样做。)
! d7 ^( C% y( a' J: ~& k" w 基本形式可能的变化形式6 ~/ w, j# O7 n, P
1 可以用could或might而不用would:
! z& F$ A& _- T9 @ If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.& a& F* \, i$ Z/ y- |, u- c5 r
要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们会把他救活的。(能力)
+ F7 i6 ?7 ]) v7 P4 q* P If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.1 z2 U" G0 Q# L% y& A1 Q9 B
要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们可能会把他救活的。(可能性); [4 d5 B' p; t0 F: _
If our documents had been in order we could have left at once.- d7 d5 i9 T" T' b6 i- w& }6 l
要是我们的证明文件都齐备的话,我们那时就能够马上走。(能力或允许)
( N9 S H1 B, @/ ?; R+ s 2 可以用条件完成进行时:( r0 @ Q+ Z; w
At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car,because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front.If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.0 u- O$ V i! u1 C, T- j
事故发生的时候,我坐在车子的后座,因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话,我就会坐在前面了。
* z3 V) ]3 E; f; {* b 3 可以在if从句中用过去完成进行时:
% N; g' a3 Z* J( R8 K I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadn’t been wearing one I’d have been seriously injured.7 h# _ s5 ~) m' Z8 T
我当时系了安全带。要是没有系上的话,我就会受重伤了。
7 R# @' j. V8 f0 M 4 可以把类型2和类型3结合起来:# O3 P7 M% j! a" w9 W Y V
The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed.If I had caught that plane I would be dead now/I would have been killed.9 `/ v) }: X+ c6 b4 b
我原想赶乘的那架飞机坠毁了,所有乘客都遇难身亡。要是我赶上了那架飞机,我也就没命了/我就会摔死了。(类型 3)( \/ n4 W: z3 p) k, V& V- [
If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now;I wouldn’t be sweeping the streets.
: O4 C2 w, n7 @; k6 z 要是在上学时学习再努力一些,我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里,而! [! m% I1 W8 A
不会是在扫大街了。(但我上学时不努力,因而我现在在扫大街。)) w) m8 r! @* A: ?; p8 ^
5 had可以位于句首并省略if:7 t/ t2 R1 U: w; F, ^ w
If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.相当于:) {8 g+ @- Z- r
Had you obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.
- C' B/ H& n9 E+ Z9 C/ E 要是你当时服从了命令,这场灾难就不会发生了。 |