一、主谓一致
$ D6 h7 X/ z. K% ?. k& S4 A: Q 1. 主谓的分隔原则# H0 }5 n v( b0 g) _
S, ---,VO! R' O( k( A) @1 `! e" B+ o! O4 S
主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔) v* s: U: f, w, |& ]) g3 A
* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关
7 l) V* w6 J$ {! i0 n 2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
W- W4 B0 s4 @1 F ...noun.+that/which+V' _$ ]$ w, o, D7 o% e# f3 m
* that, which并不反映单复数 F* k: ?$ D9 x* I
one of 复n + that/which + 复V, e/ U/ m7 I' d& T6 Q) O7 v
the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V. ^" I4 \7 V2 l" L
3. 随前一致* P; M" @/ x3 f, e+ T
together with, as well as, with, including, of
& _ e; d u% m& E, b! {. z1 `; {4 b 4. 随后一致" C3 v7 M; M1 e- P. C
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V0 p. ?# B3 z5 Y# [0 D
not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V$ y' H9 F2 A" S3 ?7 z
5. 就近一致
" w ^4 m' K2 }7 b/ j9 v; r3 ~4 F 单n. or 复n.8 g% n0 h5 X' W3 ^, |6 ]( `( p5 k
either 单n. or 复n.8 o5 i: u9 c! a: R
neither 单n. nor 复n.! E# e; ?: Q, C" p% S4 B
is he or we... 对) y% K+ b. w+ L( G/ j7 p
he or we are... 对+ F) Y' Y) H" W9 J- c7 g
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词
) ` W! r& M0 v 不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词
6 D/ ^* Z. f# w 例外:war and peace is/was
& ]; o5 |' B1 Y+ n6 D1 D# H2 L" H black and white is/was
' Q( ^, [( Z- l- D+ Z bread and butter is/was$ F7 ?; \. p/ o) ~ ?
to love and to be loved is/was$ m4 S, ]( b' M, O; P6 @6 z0 S& f
7. 百分比结构' l, h2 l; M. O
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
b- C' q- n; R" o- q; y __+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数
& r4 B1 k$ C k% d, i 8. 倒装句中的主谓一致" K( B6 Y! U& M
There be...
( j; f5 R* R5 }' Y$ J6 e* g8 m/ |- J between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装
9 M* {8 u1 ]9 [7 K- b# X. h Between ...+ be + noun., |8 I5 P+ H2 M Q6 f
Among...+ be + noun.
2 n( a! ^( F6 k+ m$ l! G) k! L 主 + 系 + 表
/ H* x, x: f, O9 s; d n0 t/ Q 主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致
! w2 C0 ^# o/ K4 L! I 9. The+ adj.
! y3 v$ C% n; J- j, P" { a. 表示“一类人”用复数V+ j& s/ t8 P0 r/ \( f6 t* n
The rich are ridiculous
0 J& `; x7 m P( s# \ b. 表示某一抽象概念
! P$ ]1 G8 |, c$ X* M `. k The good is attractive: h. ]2 Z' B x+ z
10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V$ {/ x. n' s! ~8 |
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V
' X4 }& R/ U, j: @! t4 M$ M many a + 单noun. + 单V1 v1 Z3 Q8 `9 \9 H- ^' b: k; [
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two0 N6 o) B/ _4 `* P- [4 R
news 单数 measles 不可数
5 U; ?- x& S+ d5 R0 Q8 b; J( F the series 用is/are从上下文得出) X3 J$ i S( U8 L; H: ]+ U! y
二、时态7 g* H/ j* ?0 p. m6 M" P
1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时& c/ f0 B! C2 R
2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时
, P! B: t& ^- y" Q+ G p 3. for/since:
8 ]: R5 W' C p6 u; g for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时
( a) u7 D% d& ?6 d, G) h since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时5 A5 J! `$ ~) Q# x% R$ Z
I have been a teacher for 3 years.
+ H2 C" }9 Z2 u I have been a teacher since 1996.$ D; L* i3 ]: q9 P7 P3 y
I was a teacher for 3 years.0 y8 J' |* o' @7 R; q9 E
4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
3 [! p6 w1 y9 J! S2 i 时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用. [ w( h6 ~4 n8 w1 ~
一般现在时和一般过去时混用+ o7 T6 X0 F& E, e# u
三、语态
1 b! I$ x' A7 h 考主被的混用
- N- R. `4 H! \: S" T 一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感9 V- n V3 q. W- A" k+ M. u
1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
0 b) M! F7 K0 U: `- b2 z. P prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
! g q" Z% Q& ^+ _6 Q Q my advice rpoved to be wrong
( O7 S6 e9 z6 F! s; r) S' k 2. 位于:locate永远考被动
" C/ |" n; b' W/ i c4 P situate 主动:把...放置;确定位置
* H0 N, G* c1 j4 N$ s' I 被动:位于
* k& h; i2 _/ ?8 R/ m: @: ^0 U 3. 需要:need, want, require
) N/ S9 I) i* Q5 v- J& Z ┏ 情态动词+动原& Z! m$ J3 U- h/ y" L
┃ ┏ doing
+ i1 Z* |- h2 d, | need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般
5 V3 {* I; s. o# ?1 N3 l, h ┃ ┗ to be done5 |7 |8 W: A* }- w% L
┗ n.词' t$ v% A# y7 a$ x
My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动7 C+ N" E8 ~: X4 ^4 Q
┗ to be repaired., j8 D& b; a1 I4 I
require┏ to be done
1 N( E- X! O% I- L want ┗ doing
1 z3 w7 P) ]# J9 h5 c5 B$ f+ B 4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move1 F d. |$ U0 A* ~ B0 O
I am pleased. 主语高兴3 v n1 f( x; F8 C2 P1 J
The news is pleasing. 令人高兴
) P4 l9 Y& P0 w 使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)9 X/ x6 c2 _! J6 [7 D& p. ~
Franklin is so moved.
4 t6 E5 K7 h7 `% ?! j The story is so moving. |