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[托福语法] 2010年新托福语法笔记:改错代词与介词

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
代词) Q, v' k  J  E" h
  一、代词的五种形式间的混用
0 g3 \2 v2 g$ V& C. ~. F9 n2 y  [  he him himself self
; i9 n4 [* G4 ]% \& `$ Z  主格<->宾格<-反身代词 名词" F0 N  v8 k9 ?" j# {! I
  △' E, M8 K! i8 Q/ g
  ┃
; ?; ^; i- i( F" J: r" |7 I  所有格* }7 l2 J/ w; g2 E
  his, d! h; B' V, l: L, z( P
  (A)名词前面应该使用所有格
0 s& r0 e7 `6 j+ ]1 i4 A7 U5 X  make she debut 错
7 k  L" O% ]1 c0 h6 @" G+ q4 M% Y  make one’s debut
- b3 B8 [, K) o7 f' |6 ?, T+ u$ T! `% k0 \  * 双宾语结构例外 won him prizes 对
8 q8 u; U+ z  z! z( e  (B)反身代词画线--->改宾格
& _6 _$ H  k" g9 r% d  要使用的反身代词必须与所在句子主语一致5 B( O, |" b& j( p+ b
  he killed him. 他杀! A6 E' I) ~7 A* }; A/ P
  he killed himself 自杀5 g8 t' s$ i% S6 {9 t
  (C)self ,是名词,“自我”,只用于哲学, 出现永远错
; f/ X' ^* u$ x0 S1 G) X  二、代词的单复数 him,her--> them, 注意一下! A% {# C' |1 b5 i1 b
  三、代词的性别1 q' g- w! {4 P$ n: v8 j
  his/her himself/herself+ `) L% J9 G, D- a7 A6 v  Q
  四、代词的人与物9 A* [4 a+ K% o, c8 i. R+ E: r3 [! w/ @
  Although he is employed in hte scientific field, the metric system
8 W% J/ q/ z: R3 U  ~~->it) q  P, b1 [0 Y4 P7 a# H* c
  is not used in the U.S.( {+ s! Z# i" W* K$ a6 N
  五、关系代词
; }/ y. v' `& N# H# |  ┏ which 指代物
, W" J1 A" a/ ?: h1 Z  G  ┃ that 指代人或物 注意:who与which混用1 v( G( W) L( Y$ _. {4 n8 n
  ┗ who 指代人% X; I3 \  M8 Y" y) w8 S
  ┏ who 主9 j  |& I4 Z; l1 Z5 G1 h6 {. H
  ┃ whom 宾
& R2 B' ?, r' {3 L  ┗ whose 所有格
7 O; l- d4 `! _( j6 ?  whom image --->只考过一回$ A7 R9 p$ y, U& L
  ~~~~->whose2 P0 r8 W3 x) k; z/ d
  *主要考who和whose的混用
: N+ a, H/ W: G9 l: F& w& g! F# c  who + noun. 错 whose + V 错9 z' e% X4 Y$ p% N/ c
介词
  t7 W- N# i* t  一、through/throughout
  n% ~/ z0 d; b  J) i6 }; Y9 o  through: “穿过”、“通过”,强调动作
" D. M* q+ s7 G- w; B  throughout: “贯穿”throughout his lifetime3 _. }# P; y1 G0 J8 @
  “遍布”throughout the world
; h- p1 {: \' N: u. G+ p  二、between/among$ ?+ H1 R4 S# z  ?1 i
  between the stars/trees 两两之间" R, G+ f. C8 ^
  among the two realms 错8 J- m+ b& A, s# a$ k" [( G
  三、in/inside /into
$ \0 U* C( w4 P0 K7 v& R  inside,in 静态,强调状态
- }! K5 E2 j7 J) n& D* t# b  into 动态,强调动作
+ r; j3 e  G& P% g  air inside the house: M- B) F3 u" h) L! ?' w$ N$ r
  shoot...into the sky# `3 ]& }4 ]0 U, h' s6 k  L. R$ u
  in + 单数noun.(无冠词),表示某一领域,某一方面,某一行业" S5 G& C3 o0 B2 M/ [" j: X
  in shape, in size
3 `% m2 j. b" k5 l# I  四、in/for/since
6 b: j( e, @! L" j2 a1 l  in + 1. 时刻点0 D4 b4 A- L) B
  2. 一段时间
9 _7 }/ i& b5 R* t6 t1 j" B  for+ 1. prep. + 一段时间
: \4 O. [1 i9 J8 }6 J  2. conj. 并列连词,不能位于句首
  ^1 m5 e' b: d# W  句子,for 句子# K- i* ?) g, X# Y1 X
  since+1. prep., “自从”+时刻点,完成时" \  G2 e& T, L
  2. conj., “因为”Since +句子,句子
! _" t2 d& \0 U1 c  3. adv.,  a. 与过去时共用 = ago  L1 N4 ]4 A( A& B$ a
  ...was...many years since ...1 }+ Z$ t, `/ m8 W8 U
  b. 与完成时连用,表示过去某个时间某个事件到现在
$ I7 F1 _" J1 O: U7 y  Tom was elected president last term, but he since has de9 u6 {% s) B: F& T3 H$ i
  voted
- z$ c4 z% ^% \: _* N- q+ X. @! f  little fo his spare time to his reponsibility.3 z( C: Y3 n0 B" I  n
  五、of 遗漏
  w" \5 k1 b6 A; q8 c2 L# Z  多余# U0 F* Y* U  J
  六、by
' Q) L$ i( S7 e' F4 |  1. be done by 只要不是固定词组,就改by
; s5 i0 m% s5 Y! Y0 w+ N  2. by doing 只要不是固定词组
* v; T9 u! C) R' \7 K  3. 作品by 作者
* d' o1 \! ?7 `, I, Q$ {; N  publication by Franklin9 F4 O2 R: T7 C  T
  七、固定搭配4 P8 i  M# d; V( \2 `9 q+ z
  together with = with
& J" a( h2 w7 q6 ?  adv + prep = prep
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