2010年托福考试语法题笔记1

会计考友

　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
1 x$ f5 s4 r% C: {3 M　　B. that disease
/ Q# ?6 A. ~$ L& z% J  O( B　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
9 [# |5 b: M' w2 o7 `. x# k; d& N; z4 a　　答案：B
* S! s$ [3 |" R# s  l0 D　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
6 I/ {/ z# j# T9 ~# K# T7 a　　B. the first woman conductor
$ x) d' k+ q% e% ~9 E　　C. the woman was first conducting
　　D. the woman conducts first
- e2 L- ^, V4 C' y+ ~7 g　　答案：B
  A; J# n; v5 ?' K5 S) g" n, f0 H% l  s　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
' d  y  O4 P4 p/ T　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
5 A3 Y4 `! u! n( J' j　　B. the first African American was
% Q7 _" X8 }; d　　C. she was the first African American
6 e3 {! z! w$ n- r( G, y　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
* ~' H6 X% @# H! a5 k8 j' A　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
9 B  h( O5 \, y　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
% m  _& _# `6 t1 {- }4 u　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
3 n1 h, r) g- c  Y6 K$ m7 o1 y- z　　答案：B
　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
! V5 a2 O7 E% N( |2 t　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
! i; Q( g7 l* O& o2 n  d% r$ E. N　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
5 r$ Q9 R& `$ ?　　C. became
, O6 M$ W" B( N, Y4 x　　D. did he become
. e+ a+ x8 K! k; l% R! L- I& I" ^: y　　答案：A
0 O0 S* J. y; S) Y7 N　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
' t+ m& F% {& d7 ]/ ]1 N: d. w　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
$ {" O. j$ |' f7 v6 P6 P# S/ n6 f　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
　　D. Classified botanically as berries
　　答案：D
　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
　　A. a basic instrument
, i) u5 o8 t* u+ v. s　　B. basic instrument
( c# S  F6 o+ R6 {9 }1 W　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
1 E! b& `4 H+ G: W　　答案：A
　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
　　A. as they are
　　B. are they
　　C. there are
7 g8 P# U6 @  `' V　　D. are
　　答案：A
　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
" V6 X$ e/ S' r3 M　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
　　A. Working fire extinguishers
) T2 r+ w3 g7 Y* q* Y6 f0 G　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
　　C. Fire extinguishers work
8 v1 N1 k0 Z1 `0 j　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
) w9 `8 X( X4 X% G　　答案：C
　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
9 j( _9 K; G6 Y( y　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
% d% `) L( F  [% v　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
3 A+ Y7 a/ `  A0 k, [, `　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
( O. g) _5 m% o! Q; G　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
2 ?! h+ c1 X* C/ H! e　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。