2010年托福考试语法题笔记1

会计考友

　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
　　B. that disease
& S" {* A4 ^) s9 U# S  E% Z+ C　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
' s) `$ I$ P9 R　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
) R+ T! a! t/ N* |　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
. C$ Q  ^3 m/ v+ r2 ?　　B. the first woman conductor
0 m- |! J- t* |7 r7 ~( W　　C. the woman was first conducting
7 ^5 L" W- P4 y1 A) m　　D. the woman conducts first
. [, d. Q- n5 a0 }0 B# C7 Q* I　　答案：B
; v7 y7 c; G! A# T　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
, P" @' z6 @- p1 r& G) q, k1 m　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
( z0 Y# n& l& @. P. p, C　　B. the first African American was
% C$ h/ l6 m2 o0 ?" i3 ~　　C. she was the first African American
　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
2 l+ t$ i% {" _6 a　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
- j% A- ~( @6 d3 N+ R　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
- T* u/ d4 n/ Z3 K　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
; x1 o: @# c) D  A' E　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
3 `1 E# b) P6 r+ E0 L　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
　　答案：B
0 O, O: O$ x3 w* z6 `, ?/ x　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
/ i! K$ x! }" s: _" J　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
  W/ _% X8 _+ L! ~5 u' n5 h" M　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
1 }" o* `1 [" Q1 S& u, ^# M　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
! b, i, r9 K& y  Y5 k! l, ^　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
- @* E3 T! W3 d7 z4 G, g+ Q　　C. became
1 y5 @7 ~5 w4 h+ F2 m3 X6 _9 c2 W　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
  q' u1 A& ^/ w/ G　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
, A+ D# ]" Y$ w4 x: J　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
5 g: |: _4 ^5 T+ J: D. x! S　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
/ C2 {( B; z( \" p　　D. Classified botanically as berries
3 y5 l; N# Z6 Q& C* m, B/ e　　答案：D
2 C  G3 v, t+ W5 Y6 ?0 ]　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
" v- g! g1 |" m8 V7 z1 w　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
9 I0 A# _/ |1 J$ A: k5 W　　A. a basic instrument
　　B. basic instrument
6 {6 H' M. p) q$ T3 V7 z( d5 \7 G　　C. how basic an instrument it is
% Y# G1 Q  V, ~　　D. as an instrument is basic
　　答案：A
　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
6 {( k) s' {# ^* e$ C; `( t　　A. as they are
& L+ E+ W4 }7 }/ ^1 k6 S( J" e. x　　B. are they
　　C. there are
　　D. are
　　答案：A
$ d8 w$ T8 ?" @0 Z. x- R　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
7 ]: b# W% T, a6 l- b" V　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
　　A. Working fire extinguishers
8 ?; j9 k) W: r8 l/ _　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
　　C. Fire extinguishers work
* }2 P/ P2 l0 N6 E4 e0 d; V　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
　　答案：C
3 |5 t9 y2 Z: _* Z" N. D6 o　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
) w  |; s0 o& E6 K　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
( ^) b3 _1 v) _6 ^4 H　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
; K: p2 m' s- m- H) x% [$ i, |　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
5 m. o1 D' V* L- }" k2 X) e　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
% o) L* R& g2 X9 A2 j1 g* x　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。