托福语法辅导：平行结构及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构
/ K7 c9 E1 v' X  K" O　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。
　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
　　[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。
" q5 q, t% L, g　　(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
5 }5 n% s# J4 `$ v$ @" i3 k　　[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。
　　(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
5 x: G1 Z" R0 `# B　　[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故（C）亦应改为单数tissue。
# N, Y' K: f4 m　　(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
3 Y" X4 m# R. y5 b5 e　　[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
　　(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
! u3 G  |3 ?( k　　[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故（D）不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
　　(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
　　[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。
　　全真列题分析
　　(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
　　(A) as was
　　(B) than was
/ h  r+ R9 R- f　　(C) than did
8 V2 ~! I2 [6 d8 c' i" d1 l　　(D) as did (92.8)
- r1 u' ?( z8 r  @/ m5 E* u　　[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。
7 k4 i  H; D' p5 }9 m' u: l. x　　(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
. X$ ?0 k( ]0 z  X　　(A) there are most other states
　　(B) most other states which have
　　(C) most other states have
　　(D) having most other states (93.10)
7 U  N; @& y) M# G9 U' U　　[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
　　(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
. [) m9 A2 T0 K1 ^# B　　(A) that of its mining and farming combined
　　(B) mining and farming combination
　　(C) that mining and farming combined
' z: k  ]$ Q7 S0 i　　(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
　　[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值（the annual worth) （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
& \" r& ?9 x0 v9 c! U　　(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
　　(A) the domestic marketer has
　　(B) the domestic marketer does
　　(C) those of the domestic marketer
/ ~/ ^% U7 o; E( w- D1 {, Y　　(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
　　[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities) 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。
7 d9 i; d, F0 R1 e' t　　(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
6 h6 \& O5 T" G% d( n  T  y: S　　(A) than cane sugar does
　　(B) does cane sugar
　　(C) cane sugar
　　(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
# Y2 `: R4 H! n  A　　[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。
　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等。
　　全真例题分析
$ T0 f6 i1 c6 i$ x% l  a　　(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
) J3 Z  Q& A# X8 f) o* Q　　(A) although
7 _! ]' k& E3 K8 f- y　　(B) which
- n3 g3 b5 W; G' W' S- G　　(C) and
　　(D) the (92.1)
: d7 p0 c  ~9 j8 {0 a; s7 Y　　[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
' m4 k& E. X) s1 n" n+ t　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
　　(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
- m* ^" N7 H+ p6 q　　(A) the stress it is greater
  Y# D5 E6 j5 N: a1 |　　(B) greater is the stress
$ P9 }; P) D8 H. R& D　　(C) greater stress is
　　(D) the greater the stress (90.1)
　　[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
　　4. 语意上的平行结构
: T+ [* I; ?0 c' ^3 \1 O! R　　解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。
0 \2 L9 i  g; S7 J- [: Y. k　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
　　(A) than inventing
　　(B) than as the inventor
6 Z$ S2 n; P' N; O" ~, n　　(C) the invention
  X) y# _$ J8 @; c% v　　(D) as the inventor (90.8)
" ~! j  O' j# N* l9 m4 c　　[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
　　(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
& h& T" k& P4 d' V　　(A) such
4 l9 `' J$ D2 E! I　　(B) more
9 B. V/ @$ g6 i  ~　　(C) as
* S; Z/ I2 |0 ?0 r$ V0 y9 G　　(D) than (90.1)
　　[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。
; ?) S) o1 k; P　　(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
　　(A) that exceeded
　　(B) exceeded that
, W+ {6 F6 ]8 k　　(C) exceeded that of
　　(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
* a: {! d8 u! U  B　　[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”
　　(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
　　[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。（D）改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。