托福语法辅导：平行结构及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构
+ W* w9 }' \/ K* W/ c5 p6 I4 j　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。
7 {3 T+ c! g; l2 a! j　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
　　[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。
) `* v; b" v! }1 u9 r1 t4 s　　(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
　　[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。
　　(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
2 w; k7 O, G- A9 z# {6 ^+ ~' |6 y  V　　[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故（C）亦应改为单数tissue。
　　(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
& ], G8 x  E* x* W$ `& f　　[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
　　(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
* N" k% i/ |2 Y* v; F) N　　[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故（D）不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
　　(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
　　[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
, G0 b5 i) J6 ~4 M; @　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。
5 d! P+ G8 o$ ?2 i! G　　全真列题分析
3 U9 ~, b& s. ]1 |6 R　　(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
% x+ F, \( q  B+ i2 u8 j- _　　(A) as was
　　(B) than was
　　(C) than did
- H* x4 l8 i' u3 F. P　　(D) as did (92.8)
　　[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。
2 @5 R* N3 i$ J8 f$ S  u8 w　　(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
4 l+ w) H( P; f' f+ w　　(A) there are most other states
　　(B) most other states which have
　　(C) most other states have
　　(D) having most other states (93.10)
　　[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
　　(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
　　(A) that of its mining and farming combined
' n3 {6 v3 N2 G2 o( e　　(B) mining and farming combination
　　(C) that mining and farming combined
　　(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
　　[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值（the annual worth) （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
　　(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
' R( @, T2 n/ Z) ^& [. q　　(A) the domestic marketer has
% a. Z3 \, H0 U* G" e# ]; t/ j　　(B) the domestic marketer does
　　(C) those of the domestic marketer
+ Y* L/ F: k" Z: R2 P- G　　(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
0 g" \, P7 Q9 }8 V8 R, P　　[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities) 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。
　　(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
8 E+ I' d- i5 E2 c　　(A) than cane sugar does
6 L9 \3 S, R7 P) [; _　　(B) does cane sugar
　　(C) cane sugar
　　(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
　　[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。
2 @7 W! s( _* V& l8 q. o4 Q2 H7 r　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等。
　　全真例题分析
　　(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
6 V0 Y! l3 A) T" ~　　(A) although
　　(B) which
　　(C) and
　　(D) the (92.1)
% m* g  W+ z" w" d2 V7 d2 N　　[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
　　(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
　　(A) the stress it is greater
　　(B) greater is the stress
　　(C) greater stress is
　　(D) the greater the stress (90.1)
　　[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
　　4. 语意上的平行结构
9 H. {3 F) L1 w5 D0 j* s- d6 J8 y　　解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。
; o* e0 ~& r& ?7 E3 _+ w+ x9 w! `' b- g　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
　　(A) than inventing
　　(B) than as the inventor
　　(C) the invention
　　(D) as the inventor (90.8)
5 i- l, R, {& w$ k9 N1 n' @　　[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
　　(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
　　(A) such
" P% Y; l5 \# \9 y1 G　　(B) more
　　(C) as
　　(D) than (90.1)
　　[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。
　　(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
7 u6 v) t+ m* D& K  T　　(A) that exceeded
' I  X/ W  X% X' D* p　　(B) exceeded that
- b/ ?7 k) h# w2 j- Q  C9 c" E* J　　(C) exceeded that of
& n! \/ S7 x# L9 W# I　　(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
　　[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”
) a7 p2 T4 n) k% x% g) k' x　　(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
　　[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。（D）改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。