托福语法辅导：冠词及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　有关冠词的考题在TOEFL测试中所占比例较小，但出现频率较高，而且是单一题型反复再现，即不定冠词a和an混淆错用。这类题目全部集中在Written Expression(16-40题)中。其次，定冠词the的用法也是考试范围。
  S" |  ^" z/ G( d* x' J　　冠词常考题型及解题要点
3 Y2 U, E0 D& Q% V& i: T　　1.不定冠词a与an的区别
5 v1 C3 [1 c2 U- {6 ~1 a　　解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an，应首先察看它后面的单词，以判断此不定冠词是否正确。
　　全真例题分析
　　（1） The Montreal International Exposition,“Expo. 67”was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.
# f5 L6 c& B, F  D8 S　　(答案) B 改为a degree。
　　（2） If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
6 i; O2 s  ^9 T+ r' @　　(答案) A改为an atom
" E: [' g/ s2 I" W+ ~　　（3） Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.
* s) X0 a5 ]2 |6 Z- L$ u　　(答案) A改为a role
　　（4）  A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
　　(答案) A 改为An election
. O( j9 \. }1 q7 f1 @　　2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在。
　　全真例题分析
　　（1）  A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching. (94.1)
) u! \0 A1 h. X8 x4 S+ W　　(答案) A 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词：a highly rhythmic piece of music
# X/ |+ j2 q& L& R8 U1 U　　（2）  The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones. (93.8)
  g% p, S  ?* E: O8 Q" A- y　　(答案) A改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词，前面应有冠词。
　　（3） Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.
　　(答案) A 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时，应加冠词。此句应改为an art。
1 ~+ o- f/ \% R0 g& }& R　　3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏
　　全真例题分析
　　（1） The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
　　(答案) D删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词，无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。
　　（2） Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.
　　(答案) C 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语，它的动词属性更强烈，因而不能加冠词。
　　（3）  Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent (88.1)
5 r, j% M4 \4 ~$ A* e　　(答案) A 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。
　　（4） At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining (89.10)
　　(答案) A 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构，不能随意添入冠词。
　　（5） Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction. (91.8)
/ ^# ?- A) |9 N4 n2 ~: P! H$ x　　(答案) A 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星，故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。