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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:介词及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  介词是TOEFL试题中比较活较的词性,而且具有一定的难度。中国学生一向对介词感到束手无策,因为英文介词种类繁多且词意多变。不过,TOEFL涉及的有关介词的题目重复性很强,而且有规律可循。只要考生善于总结、记忆,还是可以保证得满分的。介词的题目主要分布在Written Expression(16-40题)中,命题焦点售在中(1)含有介词的固定短语,(2)含有特定含义的介词误用8 F. C6 M5 @! Y7 R7 ]
  介词常考题型及解题要点
) {6 ]/ ?% y& b& N  a  1.含有介词的固定短语:短语或词组中的介词不能随意更换或省略8 o% z: U. v8 [: u2 X+ C
  全真例题分析7 h$ j# @: o$ e4 M
  (1)Most aquatic animals breathe by means external respiratory organs called gills.
7 X$ a$ q/ v7 a" `* j5 W  (答案)C 正确的短语为by means of,其中的介词of不能省略1 }1 J* |. w( f) w
  (2) Speed refers only toward the rate of mution without
% A: b5 o- j+ v/ ?/ Q2 ^! p  specifying any direction of motion.(94.8)
( s8 h7 ^  j6 _/ |4 x/ _  (答案)A 正确短语形式为refer to( m4 k1 L2 r% ]3 n- [: s. k
  (3) Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth
3 I% X8 O; Y, J- U; ~, P0 F8 J  gathered from the study of rocks, which are analyzed to determine their age and composition. (93.8)2 t/ ~+ J7 x: ]
  (答案) A正确短语式式为deal with.( T3 t: R; t$ f; X3 i
  (4)The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.
# p9 w3 E; `3 `9 I  (答案) A 正确短语形式为。Be composed of
. P+ V5 Y- a: k1 t0 i% X) |# K( w  (5) Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics. Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.0 ?" d5 ]4 c- U% U$ ~
  (答案) C 正确的短语搭配为 share.......with2 F1 r' Z0 X7 j- B5 \# v
  (6)The doctrine of eminent domain is based the legal tradition that all real property is subject to the control of the state.
' P: }# h# @$ e' p& d/ i" ]  (答案) A 正确的短语形式为be based on 其中的介词on不能省掉。
- Z$ t0 ?: Y8 \( t( h  2. 介词用错' [. p' l3 Q4 s5 q8 a# ]4 Z  j
  解题要点 介词与后面的名词通常有固定的搭配习惯,或有特定的语意功能,不能随意更换。通常,介词毕有含义,不同的介词会使整个句子表达不同的意思。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现单独划线的介词,应首先考虑它是否使用正确。
" n3 P/ n4 p2 C1 t5 o5 [3 S, `  全真例题分析1 D3 d( J* b1 r6 @4 U& U
  (1)Scientists claim that an individual can function from about three days when totally deprived of sleep.3 f  b' j  H* |1 M# F  G+ _) [
  (答案) C from应改用for。表示动作延续的时间应用介词for。5 U1 w- E1 {: ]
  (2) Canadian scarlet-clad guards and mounties with horseback are part of the summer scenery in Ottawa.
# e5 I' _4 I3 B* ]% s7 E  (答案) B with改为on,“骑在马背上”应用介词on表示位置。. [, F: u# V5 G1 L# B
  (3) During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside the sky to rekindle the light.6 \# u3 V! Y1 s0 q4 w) `& p
  (答案) C inside改为into,介词into表示的动作性;shot……into the sky。天空无边无沿,不能用介词inside来修饰。
" \9 ?; e8 B/ {  (4) Wild elephants are almost continuously waving their trunks. Both up in the air and down aside the ground.8 }% Z( l5 X9 `
  (答案) D aside改为on。On the ground 是固定介宾搭配。Ground 没有边沿,无法用aside来修饰。
3 X4 l6 K1 f$ y0 o9 J9 _1 f  (5) Recent studies have shown that air into a house often has higher concentrations of contaminants than heavily polluted air outside.
. {. e! _6 A/ |  (答案) A into改为in。Into强调动作,而in表示的是静止的状态。“房间里面的空气”只能用in来表示。
# p' u$ t- x% b$ g7 C( Q2 z  (6) The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the first skyscraper, built on Chicago in 1883.
0 e" L: i" j: {; J+ ], E  (答案) D built on 改为built in。城市名前面只能用介词in来修饰。
1 Z, B9 F7 l1 r* T4 g5 p  3.介词between和among的区别# |; J# l3 x0 `
  解题要点 between表示二者之间,among表示三者或更多的整体概念。当A、B、C、D四项选择答案中出现between或者among时,它通常就是此题的命题焦点。6 l8 @2 ^2 \" {! i. n
  全真例题分析$ Z* n1 `5 k- B, @
  (1) The determination of the path of Mars's orbit in 1609 became the unifying link among the two formerly separate realms of physics and astronomy.
! d8 r  E, X$ _  {5 k  (答案) C among改为between
- C. [3 p+ x# r  (2) The Carlsbad caverns, located in New Mexico, rank between the largest underground labyrinths in the world.
5 _: w7 Z4 J9 p! b3 x  (答案) B between改为among。表示多数概念,或范围时应用among。4 V3 i  A" F; Y8 @! U2 D
  (3) For a long time cotton ranked first bctween Alabama's crops, but today it accounts for only a fraction of the agricultural production./ q3 F6 _, V8 d9 t' I0 b% ]
  (答案) A between改为among。表示范围时应用among。
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