分词是TOEEL必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
" B: Q% R$ t: [$ E! r+ ` 分词常考题型及解题要点:7 Q+ U+ o( ^0 u8 ~1 Z8 P& y* W! ~ H$ e
1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语。
. |, b% }; {; I s+ b 全真例题分析7 Z$ L" F/ e/ n
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)" P {% |, W; F. W- q r
[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。4 _4 H3 |) V; @+ R# q5 i# h
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)
! B$ v& g' R7 d' l& Y [答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed。
: n$ I% f+ x/ d: q$ r- \ (3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)! @5 A8 C0 a' V8 H8 z5 c
[答案] A 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged。. G& j2 q& T$ R: B
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)9 @' v% ~7 ^1 ]: d
[答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形空词。% a4 l* I d, {. r1 _, n/ ?4 j
2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面- i' k5 H, S5 |+ x
解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。
- J' o4 X8 A) Z/ v) e 全真例题分析
) V# u' p) E0 f) H: B& s (1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------# n1 E# e+ w' E1 R9 {9 H
(A) the uses for livestock feed
4 m2 @; F1 G8 {- Z) \ (B) for using livestock feed
% E3 C8 J8 t$ f( g (C) used for livestock feed
, ]' b7 X$ N6 I" s# K4 K; r" a (D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)0 i; p, U2 r# e0 m
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed1 g* k: u: C; G& j" C
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.
3 [; g! G9 ?+ m, H" { (A) representing7 `$ n! A0 O5 M& C+ X! c4 X/ {
(B) represented
7 U/ h2 S9 k7 @- H2 Y2 X (C) are represented0 P/ e) a! D$ B8 @& h* t
(D) they are representing (92.10)
2 |' u ^' z2 `. u0 ` [答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms。7 N' e* A" h' r
(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will4 d6 T& ~$ X$ O2 Y
(A) to know
( g$ K8 l! m* R3 ], N% u4 \ y( | (B) known! O1 N3 A( |$ y9 a! d
(C) knowing
8 ?4 C: C. {" a" \/ W (D) knew them (94.1)- `# A6 E: O2 {0 l
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
0 {8 a8 l9 ]. q; U (4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)
% ]2 D+ ~9 a) s, @. U [答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
( a, p$ W+ m7 J7 e6 A( M (5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)
' g. \. ]5 k5 M' P4 y [答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。, t2 x; d* G2 H# r
3. 分词短语作状语
; W( o& u" B$ X& H$ r! {; u 解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。
0 b- M( P8 ^& E* c- ]) W4 J 全真例题分析
9 P/ u5 h0 i/ c- k) R9 b9 L (1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy., Z* F ~; O' V- ^; K5 c7 Z# D
(A) Known. ?) i5 O& a4 g# ~5 L' x; O; ~( A- I2 H
(B) Knowing
6 c8 d. E( r# A1 o. z (C) To known
3 t' u* K& b1 X' o$ f5 b% d4 Q/ K (D) Knowledge (92.5)
8 E. `. m7 I- K5 a- b& c. R8 r [答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
$ n+ b) b6 ?/ G+ l2 Q1 g (2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
+ \, g" t! y/ v$ T: }5 \5 U (A) Founded7 g$ e: l; s9 ^0 {# ~) b2 D
(B) Founding
/ n2 b( e2 c- n2 X (C) To found' Y {! g5 ?) x+ K' F+ L
(D) Having founded (92.1)! P; h9 h$ p2 Y% Z( q3 K r
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.* p: d# }; p4 _4 X/ Q, o) a9 j
(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.# o. v4 x/ \# K& ?' n8 w8 }
(A) In 1827 they drafted
$ j, S2 T& S$ s6 D/ I& `" u (B) The draft in 1827# g; b2 f4 h9 O" O
(C) In 1872 was drafted
4 q1 C6 c }7 ~8 R" ]( _ d( t (D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)
+ S2 S& {4 Y7 N+ |8 C h1 h/ L [答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.$ y! m0 @6 I5 S. Q$ i
4. 现在分词表达主动的概念;过去分词表达被动的概念
/ f- a& B/ A$ R: w6 O- I 全真例题分析, |9 c- \3 q* ?$ h$ H1 j* `5 P, x' P
(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)' r- J% j8 l' `1 r! W8 I- _
[答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be., ?! T# H- |+ A" f$ s
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)
1 H2 V, f5 j7 w- g! ^# c' P [答案] B通常我们说to be based on ,这个短语表示被动概念(基于,以…为基础),所以应改用过去分词based。' ~# W/ D1 `/ M- [" C' {
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10). I, W _9 g! W' N
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by,可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念,因此,应用过去分词divided by。7 @9 _6 a, g* d. q2 Y2 Q
(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)3 U; V& z2 M: g9 R/ F+ I
[答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系,不应用过去分词,应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构。 |