托福语法辅导：笔记（1）

会计考友

　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. 　　A. in disease
　　B. that disease
　　C. of disease
4 E) Y: U" @4 ^　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
( C+ `/ X" O+ D/ }　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
. Q$ X2 y/ v0 c  A, e2 T5 q0 r6 c　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
6 i. t6 T8 V8 p" L  x7 Y　　B. the first woman conductor
　　C. the woman was first conducting
8 ^6 ~. i' G$ a5 a　　D. the woman conducts first
　　答案：B
) @* p4 k( R; L* X　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
# R0 L. s; \7 }& W% k* Z　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
4 |" M2 ?# H" y5 F　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
　　B. the first African American was
0 C& F8 H2 }2 H+ L8 w　　C. she was the first African American
　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
$ f* c) t' G% N　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
4 @4 A+ J, O- {. [9 |　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
  u" T0 m2 I% R　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
+ r9 Z7 q9 P; y　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
: g/ z6 z% T: |　　答案：B
　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
3 r" }+ c9 q! U2 r　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
/ h5 u4 Q8 U  e; _6 M. R5 v' ?9 G" ^' A3 P9 f　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
7 ^4 W! V$ V7 ]6 \1 E* i" \　　C. became
　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
4 A" s2 \# A" T/ r2 W( R　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
　　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
" S/ C( G& k1 {4 a" u　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
* l/ K# U, Y1 F/ z) U7 [# J　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
$ c$ i3 ?: z. S- o# i& H　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
　　D. Classified botanically as berries
　　答案：D
! z0 u* k# Z3 b( P5 r! A' x& w　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
& H2 I4 v# U/ W2 a; B　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
　　A. a basic instrument
　　B. basic instrument
　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
　　答案：A
, B% |( ]- y4 ]　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
' ^; q* [; z: f5 _3 x　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
　　A. as they are
5 i2 l; v& `2 s/ ?7 }　　B. are they
. n. y9 D' E9 ]　　C. there are
　　D. are
　　答案：A
, n3 b; ]9 |8 @6 f　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
; k# b& z8 @  W$ T2 V. \　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
& [3 V- c' {8 M! P3 s( C　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
　　A. Working fire extinguishers
0 R. x; V* h$ u　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
# {6 b6 \# r1 E$ S$ v# a9 O3 o　　C. Fire extinguishers work
　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
# r* N: c( X# f. M5 t* A) t　　答案：C
  h5 j9 f4 W1 r) z' N# P　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
! i; _. ?1 l. |. g2 }　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
' S" U, C6 |: q7 \9 W: M# w% h　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
5 {. n' T6 Y1 m8 c$ K　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。