名词短语或动名词主句(或者从句)中做主语或者宾语。: l4 p; l$ x4 f2 X5 y
A、语法复习由名词构成名词词组的几种方法" P' F6 d# z( O% l L# [
1、n. + adj.短语,如the jobs available to women
: H" f8 K/ W/ q1 r/ g4 ]! [* w 2、n. +介词短语,如a child with reading problem
J2 E$ R5 Y& a1 W 3、adv. + v.-ed + n.,如seemingly limited number
8 k9 k! |( m& g7 c/ ]7 D 4、n. + v.-ed短语或者-ing短语
# ]( a |& H Z$ B& a; l4 C 5、n. of sth
, I! v- u8 S& l% h' z( o2 t0 b+ d B、例题
, ]2 r" F; ?* X2 K1 K( Q3 B0 _ 例题1(1999年1月考题)____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.; h- \/ N# B4 K" v3 v) C4 k
(A) Plants are widely spaced
1 s" c( F( D6 E* D (B) The spacing of plants is wide7 u/ a, l& P0 m% m! h- G; w
(C) Plants to be spaced widely& @9 U9 i! Z9 i* ^
(D) The wide spacing of plants' t# ]' f) V; m2 S8 c$ m
首先分析句子结构。该句的主干是:is due to the limited supply.这里,句子缺主语。所以,空格中应该填入名词或者名词词组。选项A和B都是完整的主谓结构,而非名词或名词词组。根据due to的用法,我们又能排除C,所以正确答案是D。
1 ?# T$ b1 X3 L2 x( y' M* ?. |4 _0 O 例题2(1999年1月考题)/ L9 ^, ^4 P: E* J2 u- J
Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____, or cuticle.
" n* u: m+ \% r0 o6 @; V+ } (A) that the covering
" X! l6 Y0 ^, A( @ (B) and is covering
0 N" B2 \6 R a+ u+ \* C8 V+ y1 I (C) covering
0 Y2 K. |- T0 o2 _2 w+ O9 @2 S, D (D) by covering
( @" m1 v$ i' o0 a 这已经是一个简单的句子结构,即主谓完整。如果你认识waterproof这个词,你就知道空格里应该填入名词。因为waterproof是形容词,它只能修饰名词或者动名词。(这里的waterproof不能表示类别做名词,因为前面的冠词是a而不是 the)你也可以根据平行结构,由or cuticle判断空格里应该填入名词或者动名词。(cuticle:表皮)而4个选项中只有C是名词或者动名词。) N2 d& U& d' o5 J
例题3(1999年8月考题)
( b: d, q& N5 B/ r/ M" X; F$ b The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____, such as drama, poetry, essays, and novels.
# b9 C, J/ E N3 j: C! x# g (A) artistic, creative writing
2 Z1 B+ Y/ x. ^ (B) writing that artistic, creative! u! V# N7 W) ^% j: q
(C) artistic, creative, and writing
1 U: ]" S5 P! B (D) them is artistic, creative writing
" t& V+ r$ x! ^) L* i$ H 首先,分析句子结构。该句子的主干是:The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms。后面的that引导的从句修饰名词词组literary forms,contain是动词(包含),后面应该带名词或名词词组。不但如此,such as这个短语引出的drama, poetry, essays, and novels应该是空格的同位语,再次说明空格内应填入名词或名词词组。选项A正好是能做contain的宾语的名词短语。其中,形容词artistic 和creative修饰动名词writing,组成名词词组。选项B中的that后面缺少助动词is。选项D也能构筑一个完整的句子结构,但是表达甚是累赘,而且代词them指代错误(them指代forms)。所以,正确答案是A。
3 O2 N' b2 w4 e+ d8 \ 例题4(1999年8月考题)
& @) _3 [9 _6 I7 C; b Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.
6 F l: G: }. ] W" E (A) to teach economics
9 ] Z& J0 { ?' i2 E* Z (B) the teaching of economics% }: y4 Z& D1 z# i$ Y
(C) teaching that economics is+ `+ z- b T* u6 Y4 x- O
(D) economics is taught
+ K' y( f$ _* C 首先,分析句子结构。空格后的by引导的动作做方式状语(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level),句子的主干是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______。由动词revolutionized(对……进行革命)的用法得出,其后应该填入名词或者名词词组,以构成完整的主谓宾结构(如果谓语动词作及物动词,句子的完整结构应该包含主谓宾结构;如果谓语动词作非及物动词,句子的完整结构是主谓结构)。对于选项A,动词revolutionize并没有revolutionize to do sth的用法,也就是说revolution做动词时,即revolutionize是及物动词,后不加不定式。选项B正好是可构成宾语的名词词组。对于选项C,其中的that economics is用法错误,因为它不能当从句修饰可做名词的动名词teaching。而对于选项D,它是一个完整的主谓结构,填入空格中根本没法形成一个结构合理的句子。 |