托福语法辅导:托福语法全攻略(4)
; E( @& A- [. f$ P! Y第三节 冠词作限定词 冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。2 Z0 ?8 A! S( ^9 q5 |+ ?
考点一 不定冠词a / an! C% O$ T3 e1 {: O& z, T
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是:" C) O; d8 e2 j* Q. Z
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university
- D; `: j( [8 s8 F- G" V8 z an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour: i& u& n: ~5 X2 M" _
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen).
9 P3 y9 j5 W9 l 例题:
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, ^7 V w3 v( U& l) @; v2 T4 ~( `) e) ] How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it.
, T" U$ H/ g( f+ N3 n, y; B: a 应改为: puzzle.
& m A* b$ L! W% m3 X4 | 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle3 v! l: F& ~# S9 j Y
(2)
* Z0 ^2 z7 D& m, w; w# E0 S Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture.
4 O& c$ W8 L* ` 应改为: day
/ H" @+ u& b& ]/ R9 O: G* _ 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day
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. s3 ?1 h3 H. M2 d% h0 ? Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker.
5 k5 L" C* q; g( ~. j8 z 应改为: still a practical- N1 l) w) t& |7 P$ o% P
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词
; f/ f ^2 D S- N& a a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型
; C6 U. K) X+ n# Z& H2 l& v 例题:
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A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.
/ z+ p0 I7 C; U! ~ t 应改为: An emotionwww.Examw.com
6 H, ^: j$ z. Z8 s* ^ 解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an
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If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.- `! v6 ^( ^, S% L4 v
应改为: an atom) N, A5 z u+ i) a* U* e
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |