托福语法辅导:托福语法全攻略(4)
) E m6 a4 s6 q第三节 冠词作限定词 冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。
5 S9 S* D2 j0 z1 @' K" Y; b 考点一 不定冠词a / an
2 W% D/ L- o- z% u( f/ v& m 不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是:
/ ~3 G* u2 o/ a a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university
3 V4 i# X4 O7 R8 q, @2 n% e4 c an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour- k1 E' T7 R0 c* F4 b: u/ Q
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen).
e' d" m; ?# M" H 例题:) `; {9 h) H1 }
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How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it.
% n( m$ m0 s$ i& l N# f" k* q3 {8 b; Y9 H 应改为: puzzle./ M t [: h$ p! a
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle
% D, l Y+ f4 O: e! m5 Z/ A/ M) r! @3 ]! g (2)
9 }! ]8 m' h/ Y: S Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture.
/ B2 w& @; e& _7 ~( A1 C. J0 ^- H 应改为: day
' V1 b, v$ W$ `, a' | J3 Q; M4 ] 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day+ t; ]0 Z8 G( F' V& k" h
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Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker.
. {( ~) p s% W% Y9 Z( J 应改为: still a practical
0 o5 z: w2 a( _$ a 解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词
3 K* y" g" V3 I' R& \2 f a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型- ?6 v! s. {! I9 K4 X$ o2 t
例题:" @+ s9 n7 C9 D9 Y/ L& a; A; s
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8 W3 s: H" ]6 z A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.
) _: ^0 }' v+ R3 z) T 应改为: An emotionwww.Examw.com
# }. I7 p; w% V$ s 解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an$ ~$ z" a9 T' O% v/ B+ t! H2 Q/ F" I
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If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.$ _3 ~, X" J' ?" I! q6 g) r
应改为: an atom5 B1 W' q, Y* O6 E' K7 q4 F1 v0 p: _
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |