托福语法辅导:托福语法全攻略(10). w9 R6 B. W1 A Q
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语
6 [$ D0 C% B# {2 W U4 X 同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,
4 N% s: A7 ^9 H( X( a I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
3 B% A( q; d, y: X" D0 g 例题:4 N+ {. @, T4 F; S) s6 y8 g$ ]1 G
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In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts." T6 F- v8 \ M
(A) that institutes
9 q" I9 z1 w, B, a (B) while instituted- P2 S4 W8 ^5 @% `; G9 a; Y) w, N
(C) was an institution
. e( G- D M* w/ v! _, O (D) an institute
- X4 U0 s1 W" a$ r2 a( O: V4 N: O 答案: (D)0 C& g9 @ u0 R( b! O% r
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语
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6 U& p: Z, F2 r7 G2 A Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. K7 m; {# u. x) e
(A) is the great modern choreographer
1 A+ u$ p* u1 S9 {6 R( @0 c4 |& N- ^ (B) one of the great modern choreographers
/ u6 b/ O( ^ ~# P, {1 z+ k (C) that the great modern choreographers# g( S- Y/ K9 r+ y. U! T3 t" Z# z: A
(D) the modern choreographers were great
) \5 u7 R% Z, ?; I9 h1 b( _ 答案:B
& s7 ?# U/ _$ [) G0 Q" N% o8 d# w 解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句& N& p; H5 _9 y' A! N& O! }) A
考点四 名词(词组)作定语
& Z, I: P Q4 |+ o 名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题
5 ~1 A" @0 B7 u9 [0 s8 d 这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等
" ~& O4 {! V& ? 例题:
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Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.% N& C/ X" d% \. c9 E
应改为: distribution/ distributing.
6 c! q& ?" J6 |' l6 ~ 解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯
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Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.+ z5 R# E, R! n$ a$ h
应改为: color& b7 K5 R; _% h1 C }1 j, w/ k
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 |