托福语法辅导：托福语法全攻略(10)
3 ^. K$ }3 E% d" s& B$ @: S考点三 名词(词组)作同位语
. h& N/ n2 D! m 同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,& Y! _/ B7 r4 _, Z
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.- Y) N/ z9 w! ?
例题:
) S0 `+ a' r: A T# I3 ^# D (1)
2 V5 M6 F$ G' E$ e7 { In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
" t! W* c! f2 W6 \1 A7 g5 W+ q" G; ^ (A) that institutes' t4 Q8 q& `1 q& n
(B) while instituted2 x2 c8 Z$ m/ \9 e; c/ C
(C) was an institution6 I( a5 f# ^ W! m+ Q" G
(D) an institute. N3 H( O; q5 a$ Q+ v' ~
答案: (D)
. }6 G. k9 ]" }- ~! a 解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语
2 `3 u- ~1 G/ e. @+ u) u (2)
+ q% | X0 q5 j: G Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
( s& i7 j( W4 i7 _$ n; `- ^' ]- ? (A) is the great modern choreographer. q3 t$ v8 [* n' U- W" m$ O! b
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
$ V, l* s$ }7 Q( }2 ^5 y* j; {3 U7 V (C) that the great modern choreographers
- X5 z3 `. O7 x- C (D) the modern choreographers were great
5 u. f' A# @7 q 答案：B
& }' W$ a g" e1 L9 P; B3 B 解释：此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句/ o) ^) ^9 Q7 x! H# c% R, b9 \
考点四 名词(词组)作定语
8 h u a* f/ ^! y9 P 名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题
9 d# M: x8 T3 `: W$ a 这样的词语有：word order(词序)， taxi driver(出租车司机)等, j( K# {5 r5 \9 I
例题:
1 k- r, `( g0 `! {; y( B! j' u (1)& q' X1 V- l& ~- p1 [
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.; Z1 J( \+ m7 ~' J2 }: d
应改为: distribution/ distributing.3 U. t1 {8 @ h+ g% M# q1 V6 W! @
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center，可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯# J% C3 h' r3 ^
(2)2 Q- O4 [, w1 z; D( y
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.' e7 H+ M" W' S. `" b8 U5 Z8 N
应改为: color# }: @% S2 j7 @! S
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
