托福语法辅导:托福语法全攻略(10). y. G7 ?; G, w% E% X8 T9 Z4 P
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语' `- [7 V( V R. s( t
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,
2 d! S+ ? } C0 a4 D) d2 J0 p I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.! n7 D1 g) X0 ~
例题:
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In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
5 [/ y) P0 v0 d/ Q) m* l (A) that institutes& J" }5 _, ^$ Z3 f) f
(B) while instituted
2 i3 d+ V6 N! `+ ^ (C) was an institution4 u/ D _; D4 P+ _
(D) an institute
- M( ]5 v" e3 o0 d0 k 答案: (D)0 q# _& D. s8 o1 m
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语8 J2 S4 L; `. O# j4 e* g% F% i! Y
(2)
/ n# g$ O1 V# `. k2 q/ Z8 t, \: A8 V1 g Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
9 L0 V6 F8 H5 ]' D/ p: C (A) is the great modern choreographer
" x* J7 }( c, D \, e (B) one of the great modern choreographers
, N3 Y4 T; R5 C ^# l (C) that the great modern choreographers
% s0 T5 y' R0 |. U v3 @- N3 p# a& a- Q (D) the modern choreographers were great; g0 c+ e. @4 f' M
答案:B
3 x9 P9 _% D% I 解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句4 m, w8 S0 f% B' T' p2 P. _
考点四 名词(词组)作定语1 N- t9 X D% K. A; t" z' c; f
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题! o4 [, w& E$ @9 }% H+ \4 I3 I# l
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等. e3 M% b* D0 B) @( t
例题:
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Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.
& Y- M1 J- j0 {; n 应改为: distribution/ distributing.6 N" M" }$ j, r
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯
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# S' R: v" m' B7 g Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
, o2 A! N! \$ n+ z 应改为: color4 J2 ~ X$ }2 e2 L/ a5 A9 Y
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 |