2011年托福考试备考资料：语法笔记(1)

会计考友

　　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. 　　A. in disease
, W* h" [/ R, h& p" ?4 ?) L  C% E; E* N　　B. that disease
　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
6 k! c# y  ^* N+ \% u　　答案：B
. b0 d- o& t! p2 J　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
9 w5 X, l$ F( F; F* m3 v　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
, m2 L* Z: ~1 u5 {* \9 d" r" u　　B. the first woman conductor
/ K: v% F$ G3 J5 F+ D　　C. the woman was first conducting
+ n1 W, Q. R1 Q1 U; N　　D. the woman conducts first
　　答案：B
1 K/ n; D1 P0 E1 C# E% n, ?3 Z* N　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
1 e7 b3 N; V8 z　　A. the first African American
　　B. the first African American was
　　C. she was the first African American
　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
" H& H9 y6 Y$ G9 k3 t+ K　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
% J6 c% O0 _, J# G2 G　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
0 f" E) n% M! z1 a; }　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
' ?  q4 s% f5 H　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
$ \: ]$ v: {: L' _$ T, O' m4 j　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
　　答案：B
# Q: B' g4 [# ^/ h　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
+ @% L! V- S& c1 ]' y　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
' Y, [- C* G& l+ V　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
# ]; u/ ^) M2 W1 c1 E　　A. he became
. K6 L% ]" L) l8 ~  I+ |　　B. when becoming
) b9 \" x; ?, c% a# X　　C. became
$ j( m2 [! \3 q7 A, {8 p　　D. did he become
, d: l, G" [8 w; v% X　　答案：A
　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
2 I0 g3 s. K7 ~) a
4 ?; A) L- c* F0 a1 i　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

</p>　　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
- \8 [2 _6 O  f' z: Z1 i　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
; B6 F, L8 l6 h　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
3 }7 @% Q/ i- J　　D. Classified botanically as berries
　　答案：D
4 {5 |* \# J9 l" ?　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
6 k( R/ v( z( v- i3 w% o　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
7 M2 ]  g0 b8 p2 Y+ N6 R/ R9 n　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
　　A. a basic instrument
　　B. basic instrument
' F- C& q5 `! {4 B1 t" d　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
　　答案：A
- f; y; _' [+ C( F6 ^　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
5 x6 X6 g' }) ]3 n! X　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
　　A. as they are
　　B. are they
; S- t+ z2 f' Q9 b; w6 G; t　　C. there are
　　D. are
* h- _8 b# w. ]0 u* p' E$ {　　答案：A
　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
5 R0 n" e8 m3 G+ U　　A. Working fire extinguishers
- t( L; q3 x) U0 I0 n　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
) c. `& X$ [3 P, B, ?# D6 K; I　　C. Fire extinguishers work
　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
* X* f/ C& t. t) q  u" u& Q　　答案：C
　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
; Q: q; F- ?0 l# k0 q, \　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
0 P6 m) V+ I' _; P* w　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
1 D6 [, V/ I: r+ m# _　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。