2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词3

会计考友

复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：（1）关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词（where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点
& N, y; Z$ Q7 L- T" \　　1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
" G$ O1 L* t, J7 d& E) r　　全真例题分析
, h; h+ Z) u; D- }1 @1 K; I　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
　　(A) traps
　　(B) trap its
　　(C) which traps
/ U$ ?( O2 y" e0 b* |　　(D) which it traps (92.1)
　　[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。
　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
　　(A) there
) O# Z( ~$ V3 a5 `　　(B) wherever
# b9 K/ `3 }. m$ k+ B  j- f　　(C) somewhere
　　(D) then (92.5)
/ D3 O% @& [4 I! n　　[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。
　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
1 b1 z5 [! i6 k* F; l% k* X　　(A) him
. g  B$ y2 ]3 Z" ?* p　　(B) although
- a& o! N$ y+ x& v' [* `% m　　(C) or
$ Y& i) s" L% t  }( G+ F. m' }　　(D) who (92.10)
　　[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。
8 o! U5 H0 R6 O  U3 d　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
6 u$ `/ h4 p0 o# \　　(A) A volcano erupts
% o* Y6 G+ L- T' P0 K. y, S6 }　　(B) A volcano whether erupts
　　(C) A volcano erupts it
　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
　　[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
0 x0 X: \0 I9 p6 W# V　　2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
  E# H& N6 d+ S, T　　解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题）中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
* |8 M% b" h0 ^; G　　全直例题分析
- A, G5 Z( X+ r; ^7 K　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)
　　[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。
0 p, u# R; @1 ?/ X　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
7 X; o- m. r8 |4 F2 U* B2 N　　[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。
　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)
　　[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。
　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
; p# t) J2 t. k! I　　[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。
　

会计考友

　3. 介词＋关系代词which结构
/ K8 M/ z, {. N( _1 |2 n1 M　　解题要点 介词＋which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间（＝when) ,地点(= where) ，原因（＝why）等等。
　　全真例题分析
　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.
( Q) w# |' l* U　　(A) is which
, t& L! m; E- k# [+ C8 N: Q　　(B) on which
2 L7 j9 m" a( X! R9 {, v" `　　(C) which is on
　　(D) on it (91.1)
　　[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。
　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.
　　(A) through it
　　(B) through which
　　(C) that is through
0 h" S8 Y/ b/ O2 P# p" A　　(D) there goes through (93.3)
9 N% x( B/ U8 t: _5 ^  U1 i　　[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
& ^& B( ^* f. B5 X　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
　　(A) which
- p* R1 E; K: \/ z# i　　(B) which in
/ i/ F( W6 J0 l3 Q4 q　　(C) in which
  d8 S4 O3 D9 Q& T9 J- V　　(D) in (90.5)
　　[答案] C in which = where
/ q0 m2 t3 R' i! ~1 F- ^1 H9 X　　(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.
+ w+ s. k8 R0 Y- q　　(A) they were for
　　(B) for they were
　　(C) which were they
　　(D) for which they were (93.10)
　　[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。