2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词3

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复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：（1）关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词（where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点
  z( U; G6 P# `. L　　1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
+ F2 U+ l+ S0 [2 r1 v7 f6 B5 b/ n　　全真例题分析
　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
3 n- ]& C$ M( W2 c* \) M　　(A) traps
, c: R% @' ]* n- t6 B　　(B) trap its
　　(C) which traps
　　(D) which it traps (92.1)
" `4 [# X$ z/ {" c7 S　　[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。
1 M8 J! Q# T, j  ?4 k! d! B　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
　　(A) there
　　(B) wherever
/ r) l3 F6 |8 ^" C1 q4 }/ `) u2 J. b& H　　(C) somewhere
& v, z2 a1 `4 `7 z' J8 [1 W& j　　(D) then (92.5)
2 H2 v' O/ ?( I6 f2 Z　　[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。
　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
　　(A) him
　　(B) although
　　(C) or
　　(D) who (92.10)
　　[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。
　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
6 @4 S2 V9 C! c4 q' X( R7 L　　(A) A volcano erupts
2 ~, u- S/ d0 {+ @4 v+ k　　(B) A volcano whether erupts
1 V7 S! H5 X- ]0 ]9 B: f1 F6 k　　(C) A volcano erupts it
　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
* g1 U9 C; }1 z( Y  h; g　　[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
　　2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
　　解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题）中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
　　全直例题分析
　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)
　　[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。
' K' t9 f6 V) D2 k4 C- t# d) N　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
+ u- h2 T1 r( b! ]  D　　[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。
" W% Y5 d1 Z# j% ]! K　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)
% \5 Z) _3 z, N: V　　[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。
　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
1 M8 W% I+ T2 f　　[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。
% X; d! X9 S& V1 I- U- g　

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　3. 介词＋关系代词which结构
6 V6 F' ?3 G6 Z- g　　解题要点 介词＋which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间（＝when) ,地点(= where) ，原因（＝why）等等。
  d/ B7 c- u* R" {　　全真例题分析
　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.
　　(A) is which
　　(B) on which
4 c& i0 V7 `2 N! n! T　　(C) which is on
) P7 v8 I. r2 Z( E　　(D) on it (91.1)
　　[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。
, t  ]- @8 a; H1 K+ a8 e　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.
　　(A) through it
　　(B) through which
　　(C) that is through
% p2 v4 _% c& b; ?: q+ L, L. K0 n　　(D) there goes through (93.3)
; b" K9 y6 I" e  D! K: h　　[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
8 S; S' C  u- j# z+ V2 b" e　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
4 q2 O6 Z8 a6 {; P1 U　　(A) which
　　(B) which in
　　(C) in which
　　(D) in (90.5)
　　[答案] C in which = where
　　(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.
, J- @  g6 n! m4 K  P　　(A) they were for
  i: }  ?7 C4 `　　(B) for they were
  H. D4 C% [- [. v- \. |+ E0 e! O　　(C) which were they
　　(D) for which they were (93.10)
9 ?+ F/ {, V5 S  |- l% \" M: R　　[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。