冠词作限定词6 c6 I4 s: r- T% ], I! B- _
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 # y/ R# ~ t# T" k4 P4 d. M' c7 l
考点一 不定冠词a / an
1 J' A$ \7 Z" k- k3 G) F 不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是:
* X5 N b/ Q6 T v' O' b a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university ' T) c: ?3 L& `* Q9 k1 L$ t( j
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour / W" u3 R1 S7 k& }) m
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). ! `4 t# e9 o: }+ l4 e
例题: 4 a: q. r" ]& i# y3 R/ C/ }1 i6 c
(1) 3 l2 T, d0 W; i: I- J$ h# S$ T6 u
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. 7 ^) w8 ?' P7 f# P; [
应改为: puzzle. 2 @4 p1 p. r7 S6 N/ G3 L
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle
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) B8 `9 ?) T7 a1 J7 t) S. U# u Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture. - ?9 u, E" A: w: E: }, I9 d
应改为: day
8 {* a# \5 ?1 S$ p6 { 解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day # E% F8 n+ P% ]% I; e
(3) 4 ?& q" d4 ^! ?. m0 |# R
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker.
% x6 G. N- z: B4 H 应改为: still a practical , E6 k# F8 `! v: ~0 E) ~
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词
, B; c2 B% e# M0 G a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 2 K8 R- M/ N6 j2 N5 X' f
例题: 5 \+ R& I: K$ \, K8 h" |
(1)
' q1 \8 f7 _7 l+ W. Q& F3 u1 `, Q A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. ' F1 {- V# g* o) ^
应改为: An emotion , |& m# u; g" }6 s4 r7 ^, C
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an 0 y- j" ]1 Y) u& c: ]
(2)
/ v! \, t' J0 Q6 v If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms. 2 ?! N. \9 K5 G
应改为: an atom
% P5 E1 T2 ~0 W. S8 H/ E" Y 解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |