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[托福语法] 2012年托福考试语法辅导:比较级

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
比较级
3 J" [. W3 S6 z3 G, |1 Q  英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式:
, o1 L. U9 w4 y1 d  在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; " b/ r$ n5 l  H/ C6 f
  或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 # i: I3 f8 e+ |8 h) ^# X! ?
  少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), 0 f( _: `! e" n
  考点一 含有标志词than
6 w2 W6 D' A6 I) C0 h! ^( o; Z" T  1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, 0 s" d; f, l$ }& X, [1 Q7 O5 m
  如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
- u' t: D+ x3 ?2 `( D9 u  She possesses more books than I do. * Z6 [% H3 T5 u5 y; T
  He is more intelligent than I expected.
4 g" p* I1 s* e+ _" G8 V  than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, & g. T* {+ t1 J( F: C9 S
  空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, 4 @0 Z+ q7 W' n5 q9 \
  空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。
6 m; W9 y* w. q) h4 j" x; W1 L  例题: " i4 d8 g1 E* _: U
  (1) ) s) ~7 ~) c+ s
  Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
1 F. X- H$ A" Q# W5 m  (A) coolest
  T" P" u  v: [7 h  (B) the coolest
) q/ x/ Y0 a; B" n6 W  (C) cooler
6 v2 C4 n+ b2 p5 j  I  (D) the cooler - V1 \' a' T5 a+ t3 x
  答案:A
) y5 }6 t9 w3 q& j  解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 5 Q: f4 g  W4 q2 d0 O* Z
  (2) ; t# _2 w: M$ R5 x6 ?6 D
  Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.
8 w1 e" O* s8 z. V  应改为:more , ~# A1 I9 b# s5 P1 z& |2 x8 _% w
  解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级
$ q) U6 `* P/ F: K! b6 t. h  2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: 0 _1 r9 ^; t6 L% u, w9 M! g
  情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,
1 y/ b/ q9 v3 B5 }" {  如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. 5 e1 Q. y9 O) r4 f$ O( r
  (that 指代the population)
2 s: U4 Z5 q7 I- {  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. - R$ }" T. p7 @9 p9 k
  (those 指代 designs) - {* K  L- P) `
  情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)
. ]6 J9 a8 i, l3 k  如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may $ X8 T  K# [5 b$ b+ ]
  probably contribute more to the success of a play.
+ t- V& \& j: d8 {' q* \* O  例题:
( `5 O$ Q8 q# m6 k- \  Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. / l* `4 `& A' w2 o1 X1 t0 w1 O
  (A) than do
: T$ G) }, r6 }+ M* Z8 e* I  (B) that are having 6 k7 q( b9 B; H" g" e
  (C) which have
" e  r7 l5 |+ C( l! v7 O& k  (D) that do
% A( a  W2 F4 ?% [) M  答案:A
6 k# h- u& |2 U) Y+ N  解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装
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