比较级
/ p, o( Z6 u9 c* ^; \ 英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: + n" W- [7 w: p6 ~
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;
: p" J- q X1 x' ]% b& U 或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 + `7 b) M) T! a
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),
+ @2 I# y9 o: l7 V6 ] 考点一 含有标志词than * c- ?" ]6 p$ V' I& W( E% N) i
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, # f6 R; d$ i+ u4 ]4 A
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. - v4 O3 G R# I- j5 l# t' w
She possesses more books than I do. # b# |+ W+ }2 Z2 F5 F
He is more intelligent than I expected.
8 r% k/ o. h% K$ T- X3 H( e9 P than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,
+ K- [0 s7 k: o2 `0 M: Y6 h* I6 K 空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,
" N# k1 U I7 k# {! j 空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。
+ k# u8 `, p- x( r1 U( H; a 例题:
3 @/ [1 c) \+ H u3 _; K% q (1) $ w" b* q7 @) W
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
# b/ m! W4 Z, V3 E7 @5 s) E3 c (A) coolest
9 x6 \! j. M/ P5 o1 Z- V (B) the coolest 5 b3 b7 D. X7 L0 Q2 o
(C) cooler ) M5 J% c; R, Q: q! U/ s
(D) the cooler " f+ V: i. H& y' x( U1 \
答案:A + N* G; W6 a; D
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 % r, r8 _" O, B7 R3 h
(2) 6 F* m9 m4 Z! k2 v
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.
6 p" z" u9 A$ ~6 Z 应改为:more 8 Y$ t8 z% M5 L1 D
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 9 e) l6 @! F( U3 }. C- d4 w8 h
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:
, F! y( N, q7 K; ^/ I& C, c 情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,
( t% Q) p' u" K" b# m! t! k 如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.
" B e2 S% @3 p1 o (that 指代the population) 4 A: m4 [( i1 K v! N
His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
! \/ [. j$ f' o* O; v% Z+ o$ H J (those 指代 designs) , F9 G& \6 U' U* Y
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) 4 p# {+ G! c9 _1 r6 _8 f# A
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may ) \7 Z6 d" [$ G( @# `9 J1 P
probably contribute more to the success of a play.
. B/ p- V+ J) | h% V8 x0 q* \ 例题: : N: @/ r$ e, E
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. " Q& d# N' \9 K% l. n* a( O0 U
(A) than do - N1 l' f" `# }4 W% ]- y7 ]
(B) that are having
- G: \ C+ n# X (C) which have
9 W0 S: r( |( j0 n, T4 } (D) that do 4 g1 j8 W' K- C2 j: O
答案:A M1 d7 j' I9 u1 z: y
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 |