副词在句中的位置& O9 `8 A! S( L: c
副词在句中的位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都有可能,这是副词的优点,但同时给英语学习者带来了麻烦,往往难以抉择副词的位置,TOEFL出题者也借此大做文章,给考生制造障碍,在填空题、改错题中都涉及语序问题
, u$ o- q( u/ L0 [8 c' h9 m2 ] 几点参考规则: : U: x; z. j: E1 k0 ~
1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:
' K' z8 p3 l8 U# k3 b0 a7 O She sings very well. ( ]* o- ?% }1 F$ v
I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. / F7 ^: j- P: n+ d5 Y
I met just now your uncle (错) 2 g0 o9 h* L y( |" N0 d) X
2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如: ; P4 g4 G: ? F
These two are only slightly different. : \8 G: ^' \& w, E$ J) U, ^0 }
right after this, very smoothly
: m. ?5 N0 }# C5 I% @# o- r7 M 当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如: 2 ?6 J Z& {9 b
I am not good enough to do this job. (对) , r8 `; T( x: O
I am not enough good to do this job. (错)
/ h8 C$ a8 x; A& v1 B3 @2 j 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:
, ^! I: L) n- w$ k) B: Q/ B He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. $ H4 h) n7 u" C- D' m# S
He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后)
, l! ^. A% V3 B! w/ X q/ v 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如: ! ?! f/ q, @+ q) j& |/ @
only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 0 Q# M/ S& v2 H$ \, A6 _" p) g
例题:
( e3 z8 C) u& E6 | (1)
5 b- z+ Y$ O( ]; T6 m When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun.
1 ]6 H( `6 {# j& h' f$ D 应改为:directly opposite. ! u5 b$ L" r' T% h" H( O
解释:opposite 与the Sun 构成介宾短语, 修饰副词directly必须置于opposite之前 - Y* O5 ~% A* V7 o
(2)
$ n4 o8 `- W8 B/ Z( m* M0 u Amoebas are ---- small to be seen without a microscope.
( S6 ]1 w6 p: ~8 D, i (A) far too # e' a; l K/ N* k; N; u" O0 O
(B) far and - x$ ^$ X0 A/ N
(C) so far
* a& z! W% c" t4 L8 V/ h2 {0 H5 E) Y: q (D) as far as
5 V& [6 ^+ D. M9 }6 ?, x 答案:A 8 Q9 I. n* q2 o( k
解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格处需要small的修饰语,B, C, D都不能修饰形容词, 故选A, 由副词too修饰small,副词far用来加深程度 |