2012年托福考试语法辅导：是否用不定式

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是否用不定式
　　1．有部分动词的习惯用法要求采用不定式复合结构，其基本形式为：动词+宾语+不定式，
　　如：enable him to dance, cause the little girl to cry,
* `: S3 Q) T  G) _' ^　　consider it to be a great honor, imagine herself to a soprano
. k3 a: Z& K& @. f　　常接不定式复合结构的词有：allow, enable, cause, ask, expect, invite, advise, permit, oblige, help, encourage, persuade, instruct, command, urge, consider, believe, declare, etc.
% X( Q  M$ e7 i5 b  I　　注意：help既可以接不定式，也可以接动词原形（或称不带to的不定式），
+ X4 x1 [$ j% Q" B  s) w　　如：help him to clean the lab, help me do the housework
　　例题：
　　(1)
　　The flexibility of film allows the artist ----unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
& I! F1 t9 J. \　　(A) to bring
% F' A, O' f& ^6 n　　(B) bringing
7 U3 c: f0 v  d2 D) G3 R/ X　　(C) is brought
　　(D) brings
9 ?. L* Q9 p+ E　　答案：A
　　解释：allow somebody to do sth.属于固定动词词组搭配,
4 ?8 n) S0 O+ v5 [: ^　　若allow之后无宾语则用allow doing 的形式。
/ S) f9 A* Q# Z* E! E& }8 n　　例: Mum doesn’t allow me to eat too much chocolate.
4 J! p9 _' o+ m+ ]　　Sorry, sir, but we don’t allow smoking here.
　　(2)
  n% }9 d: b& E- v  p　　A dictionary allows quick access to the meaning of a word only if one knows how spell the word.
　　应改为：how to spell
3 \- n& z$ n9 ^* t+ R　　解释：how和spell不能连用，应变为不定式复合结构，加上to, 构成know的宾语
" ~' c& Q% _8 n: e4 j　　2. 在一些表示“意图”、“目的”、“倾向”等意思的动词、形容词后面经常要跟不定式，而表示同样意思的名词后面经常需要用不定式做定语
. I( b6 e4 n* ]6 a. \, v　　例句：
5 _- \* |& e: U+ F9 i　　Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intend to support the opposition despite the objections of his staff.
! n  E  X( q- H, ?9 l　　Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other than light in their photographs.
　　这样的动词还有tend, plan, expect, endeavor, try, wish等
1 R* q4 g. ]8 u　　He is anxious to go home.
4 k" }* A6 Q9 N* d2 c- u　　I am inclinded to work in Shanghai.
　　这样的形容词还有able, apt, eager, glad, ready, likely等
& X, }, @9 f! {+ O& c: \$ o　　A loan may be acknowledged by a bond , a promissory note, or a mere promise to repay.
　　He has the inclination to grow fat.
　　这样的名词还有ablility , effort , attempt, anxiety,determination, inclination, plan 等
% B4 y2 J( d* m2 j8 K　　例题：
* O; l7 P  g# W/ F0 x) b　　(1)
　　Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability ----emotional depth to her songs.
　　(A) be giving
+ H% E$ D% f6 a: \　　(B) are given
4 N% J1 k9 v, C7 s% \. u, s/ I　　(C) being given
　　(D) to give
　　答案：D
　　解释：此句主谓俱全, 主语reputation, 谓语rests on, 缺少宾语ability的修饰成分. 根据谓语唯一原则可首先排除A B； C是被动式, 后面不能有宾语, 亦可排除; D为不定式作定语, the ability to do即做某事的能力