是否用不定式
8 }( R' R. q7 s- F2 I$ D5 V! O 1.有部分动词的习惯用法要求采用不定式复合结构,其基本形式为:动词+宾语+不定式, 9 B1 m f, O: I5 V' T) [
如:enable him to dance, cause the little girl to cry,
. E+ l6 Z" t: L# R, F# m consider it to be a great honor, imagine herself to a soprano 4 ?) H8 O t" k6 ^; d
常接不定式复合结构的词有:allow, enable, cause, ask, expect, invite, advise, permit, oblige, help, encourage, persuade, instruct, command, urge, consider, believe, declare, etc. $ U; _; ^/ c- P
注意:help既可以接不定式,也可以接动词原形(或称不带to的不定式), ( }. w' F3 E# S! U
如:help him to clean the lab, help me do the housework 1 P+ T! l" D: _2 h1 W
例题: ) k: N# _/ F. L% i
(1)
5 V K0 l5 B4 K7 z& f! b& p0 [ The flexibility of film allows the artist ----unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
1 D( m/ ? u: }, K; C( Z' Q {% ^ (A) to bring
) F: t& G! B: y5 I# a/ V' u/ [ (B) bringing
* v6 G4 C, ]2 c" o( n (C) is brought
L0 `3 ]# O$ e- p% r2 d; @- n (D) brings
0 Z7 w8 |# A8 P5 D- e6 c 答案:A
7 r5 l4 i- |% y* s$ m9 V! M" z 解释:allow somebody to do sth.属于固定动词词组搭配, ! Q1 R9 L/ f* b$ |
若allow之后无宾语则用allow doing 的形式。
' m% n; W/ T5 y- F; S& C 例: Mum doesn’t allow me to eat too much chocolate. / B) h1 ^0 u1 @
Sorry, sir, but we don’t allow smoking here.
' E2 f3 q! t. u" W# r (2)
5 A! g- C- d0 c7 c/ T& D: B A dictionary allows quick access to the meaning of a word only if one knows how spell the word. # B0 ]0 r2 c* U/ }6 @+ {' E3 K$ U2 x
应改为:how to spell . ^, Z2 v* N7 c5 `
解释:how和spell不能连用,应变为不定式复合结构,加上to, 构成know的宾语 5 x/ Z3 U; E* S( V1 m4 [ b
2. 在一些表示“意图”、“目的”、“倾向”等意思的动词、形容词后面经常要跟不定式,而表示同样意思的名词后面经常需要用不定式做定语 } U# q( a6 i1 f! v
例句: ; z# I8 V5 `+ n; Z: @/ j5 F
Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intend to support the opposition despite the objections of his staff.
- Z+ F3 _6 ?' t Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other than light in their photographs. ( W7 ^6 d7 |2 y0 I y
这样的动词还有tend, plan, expect, endeavor, try, wish等 - W$ s0 e! e* R. d7 Y
He is anxious to go home.
+ H$ y" k; A% \$ d, y& W2 u% m I am inclinded to work in Shanghai.
' Q$ Z6 ~ V7 K# _0 s7 f8 D1 {: { 这样的形容词还有able, apt, eager, glad, ready, likely等
7 ^4 u8 l0 P9 ?. Y A loan may be acknowledged by a bond , a promissory note, or a mere promise to repay. . L' P2 G) j1 @# b
He has the inclination to grow fat.
$ p* S" e# @6 S. X7 x, I 这样的名词还有ablility , effort , attempt, anxiety,determination, inclination, plan 等 % d/ `- b4 \% l* X* P
例题:
9 p9 ~) y) F5 I k; I (1) + F5 l: ^# R1 ]2 [: G! p+ `
Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability ----emotional depth to her songs. - K# s. B$ i) x# E9 K5 `5 O6 ?
(A) be giving
% ^) r& Z- v! Q6 e d8 } (B) are given " j+ S9 I3 k' y2 C9 z3 j4 {- F
(C) being given
, N A3 \$ o; p; y/ R, l9 r6 i (D) to give
. z7 m1 r3 [! E4 R* J 答案:D
8 g E. b1 K" q 解释:此句主谓俱全, 主语reputation, 谓语rests on, 缺少宾语ability的修饰成分. 根据谓语唯一原则可首先排除A B; C是被动式, 后面不能有宾语, 亦可排除; D为不定式作定语, the ability to do即做某事的能力 |