2012年托福考试语法辅导：是否用不定式

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是否用不定式
: E/ R7 ^. q7 M9 V　　1．有部分动词的习惯用法要求采用不定式复合结构，其基本形式为：动词+宾语+不定式，
) L; ]  W! H  v6 I　　如：enable him to dance, cause the little girl to cry,
　　consider it to be a great honor, imagine herself to a soprano
　　常接不定式复合结构的词有：allow, enable, cause, ask, expect, invite, advise, permit, oblige, help, encourage, persuade, instruct, command, urge, consider, believe, declare, etc.
　　注意：help既可以接不定式，也可以接动词原形（或称不带to的不定式），
　　如：help him to clean the lab, help me do the housework
　　例题：
　　(1)
　　The flexibility of film allows the artist ----unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
　　(A) to bring
　　(B) bringing
6 g  f, o9 Y, n7 G/ `　　(C) is brought
$ t- `3 |$ S  B0 E8 t2 d9 {' w. H7 `$ @9 \　　(D) brings
; G* @3 f5 F6 M/ M　　答案：A
) T1 U/ e; O. Q5 r# ]　　解释：allow somebody to do sth.属于固定动词词组搭配,
　　若allow之后无宾语则用allow doing 的形式。
  R# Z5 Q/ ~# U　　例: Mum doesn’t allow me to eat too much chocolate.
　　Sorry, sir, but we don’t allow smoking here.
　　(2)
　　A dictionary allows quick access to the meaning of a word only if one knows how spell the word.
. ]- X' n2 e7 c6 p2 r3 f, W' M　　应改为：how to spell
　　解释：how和spell不能连用，应变为不定式复合结构，加上to, 构成know的宾语
9 _+ z8 q& l% p5 }. A' n5 a　　2. 在一些表示“意图”、“目的”、“倾向”等意思的动词、形容词后面经常要跟不定式，而表示同样意思的名词后面经常需要用不定式做定语
　　例句：
3 x) j- j/ K0 Y" g; r; m* s　　Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intend to support the opposition despite the objections of his staff.
　　Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other than light in their photographs.
) z! u9 z- ~+ j# u8 S5 r) W　　这样的动词还有tend, plan, expect, endeavor, try, wish等
8 @. E4 c( ]! ^  ~, F　　He is anxious to go home.
/ N" u8 j% v; Y4 U8 K9 B$ T　　I am inclinded to work in Shanghai.
; O, w2 u# O" _9 _3 N　　这样的形容词还有able, apt, eager, glad, ready, likely等
+ U5 D9 }2 a. J　　A loan may be acknowledged by a bond , a promissory note, or a mere promise to repay.
7 A+ ]$ {3 U$ o' z　　He has the inclination to grow fat.
) ~8 i4 R+ `/ j: e& p5 z" D　　这样的名词还有ablility , effort , attempt, anxiety,determination, inclination, plan 等
. n6 y) O6 \( M+ G5 @　　例题：
( o: ?* r0 p4 t) U1 T　　(1)
　　Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability ----emotional depth to her songs.
8 f$ m7 q) u) n　　(A) be giving
　　(B) are given
6 @6 w; |$ ^" `3 g3 S　　(C) being given
% B. I+ i) P; W, E5 @　　(D) to give
. a/ b- j* J( I% {$ O- o/ i, {　　答案：D
& r$ g/ y) g% z% e2 i! b7 n　　解释：此句主谓俱全, 主语reputation, 谓语rests on, 缺少宾语ability的修饰成分. 根据谓语唯一原则可首先排除A B； C是被动式, 后面不能有宾语, 亦可排除; D为不定式作定语, the ability to do即做某事的能力