助动词$ w( z0 P0 t% W* d
助动词没有独立的语义,主要作用是协助谓语动词表示时态、语态或构成疑问式、否定式等 , k4 \4 k9 Y: M; n2 R. o3 T4 O
助动词和情态动词的共同特点是需要和其他动词搭配使用才有意义,而且句子的否定式和疑问式都可通过这两类词体现 7 `# f4 S1 n! O9 b: l" r
一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时) & O; g4 }+ Q1 q; E
这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态,形式为:have /has /had + 过去分词
) ^7 }, ]3 x& r B6 g7 p 如:I haven’t seen you for ages. ! X- {7 G. q0 ^) p4 v
She had mentioned this before.
+ ~# [. s. _* d/ D+ h- G 二、be
5 H* ~( P$ w; c5 D. B" d0 y8 g# k be本身可作谓语动词,但在进行时中它是助动词,与现在分词搭配使用,缺一不可 7 O0 h$ G& G1 R* T
如:She’s watching a football match. 0 r, {# o M5 [$ |( S
He’s looking for his favorite pet. . q2 S/ @3 L: a* H6 O2 G! ~
此外,be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态 ( l1 \0 {/ o |3 ]7 j/ M1 f
如:The vicar was killed in a car accident.
# s, l/ W! w+ x% T* M3 U; c+ C6 V 三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)
) R W2 U# L- H% U8 n g+ G 此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式
# X" ?) K% s' q& O& d, C6 i0 r 如:He doesn’t feel like smoking at the moment.
0 C ?1 U! l) }& \7 l8 w! W9 r; @ Did you meet the manager this morning? 6 h' G' S- @7 ?& \
四、will, shall, would
5 J/ t; Y+ U" k: f. R! f 此组助动词用于构成将来时
, o8 Q. q$ T2 } 如:He won’t be able to see you until an hour later. 7 q1 q( i/ \, |; \
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon. - d1 |& p* A g: Y5 U
例题: 3 ?$ |! e4 H; S6 y. D1 m( D. ~
(1)
% x$ i; ?" w8 \: L/ h9 v The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.
6 j& r5 H& p- P# r4 D (A) which are always 8 l# R% l( k7 C& o4 u% n$ o
(B) and they are always : _* m3 L6 B$ g* \2 u1 t! h+ O2 E
(C) always
5 W. c n& G. Y: g; c (D) are always ( `# P" [+ c& A$ I7 }0 r
答案:D a. k0 P/ X6 k! q6 O
解释:空格前是句子的主语,之后是过去分词短语,空格处需要补全句子的谓语,A使原句只有从句无主句;B并列句的前一个分句无谓语;arrange与color是被动关系,C是主动式,可排除;只有D助动词are恰好与arranged构成句子的谓语 |