第三节 副词在句中的位置! v! l/ d9 e, l5 u$ t
副词在句中的位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都有可能,这是副词的优点,但同时给英语学习者带来了麻烦,往往难以抉择副词的位置,TOEFL出题者也借此大做文章,给考生制造障碍,在填空题、改错题中都涉及语序问题
$ _) J" O& ~' i7 H! k- w7 Y# O: F几点参考规则:/ _+ q i& e5 R; l( T* }- p
1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如: h% ^0 h+ d% ]0 ~) g
She sings very well.
" c" N, g) P, g& q( \4 yI met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.
) p# G: r1 e- T& q, p5 KI met just now your uncle (错)
/ z# q/ O4 R8 d; W6 P; B2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:: w _* F( K) D5 [; }2 r
These two are only slightly different.
, q) t& n0 E9 {right after this, very smoothly% ~: C8 o; \% G; e0 }5 g' c
当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:4 _# O7 l3 Z+ K( ~" L0 m
I am not good enough to do this job. (对)
# r) k) ^; P1 q- |; M/ f& m I am not enough good to do this job. (错) , B+ D/ w" C- z
3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:9 [ f6 }" j `
He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis.
0 u8 Q9 k5 q# z( o" o6 QHe is always here at 8'clock. (be动词之后) 5 ] }4 w, p, e+ M
4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:
/ K' M! h2 Z2 U" H/ X# m/ Ronly, even, still, perhaps, etc.
9 z `! t/ e3 ~. ?! m2 K例题:- R, m2 u; J9 {1 P z- r2 s7 `4 K
(1)
# C6 {! y4 l8 t" Y. [" {6 C2 z( _When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun. + c6 O: y1 e# b' {% a$ Y+ M
应改为:directly opposite.
5 I O. \7 N* E2 M& ~- }* M解释:opposite 与the Sun 构成介宾短语, 修饰副词directly必须置于opposite之前
4 q( ]$ r$ \ Z; h% H* e$ F+ O/ `(2) 1 e6 c4 I+ k8 F. _
Amoebas are ---- small to be seen without a microscope.& o5 H" {0 x+ j7 P+ w# s
(A) far too
$ p4 B; @/ k$ e4 ]3 `/ U (B) far and
. ~+ y* p! L8 {# }+ Z: }) x9 a9 s (C) so far
2 P" Q% q: l) ~% t/ j/ M! w P4 G% | (D) as far as / C( l# ]8 b" j% X3 S
答案:A
2 m: `% Q' M; G( z1 d4 X4 u4 t. t解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格处需要small的修饰语,B, C, D都不能修饰形容词, 故选A, 由副词too修饰small,副词far用来加深程度 |