第三章 副词
) z& `0 @/ m: ~+ f副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词; ?( s J+ @# S: {" y
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等
( @% c$ e: L0 P' y2 H* }副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系
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) ?/ y# D& ?2 p8 ~第一节 副词修饰动词
- f' e5 o& i1 R: ]; x. t' P修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词4 }1 w6 t8 q, i# T+ M! U4 ]
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词)5 Z0 N9 ^2 \2 x
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词)4 o; b7 n; i' [( G5 L
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 9 Y3 w- P2 O1 h
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别
7 E& Z2 A% b2 [& M) K' s例题:; q8 w8 g* S6 j# _8 K$ [
(1) ! {, ?% }- P0 g2 S' o8 \) H
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the 1870's or thereabouts.5 Q+ c& i* s: e, u- Z" N @
应改为:commercially
, B; E' p+ Y# P9 l6 F解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词
) _1 u, b5 X6 { |(2)
- Y/ q2 c: l0 YAccording to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
8 ^4 |" Q+ k& v1 o* z2 { (A) facially
1 F: k, a" N) A, N+ k6 t (B) their faces
; j9 I. U" X$ B1 y (C) having facial. a; O# l: `+ F/ Y8 T; E
(D) they had faces
9 [% E; [$ B+ `2 u2 f* W答案:A. {! y( I! Z' I' d1 i
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 |