第二节 介宾短语( [% u0 c+ u; X& h2 F0 {
介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语6 g! u# b; B, [, @
考点一 名词作介词宾语 . f% M6 g4 ]% m4 b/ i% }- _0 g/ {
大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现 + i2 B+ t( U( p# x" r: L
例题:
7 K6 [! r; N( H' N5 F(1) # A4 s- i; v$ p$ g/ }/ s
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.$ o/ T. c) f/ }# ]) P2 W
(A) more accurate than sundials
/ [" L( k R" Y' p& z6 O1 Z (B) more accurate sundials2 j+ Z% @5 n: U6 t( {) P8 Z
(C) sundials more accurately
( T/ k& I2 g3 w; p4 ?: v+ W1 ] (D) more accurately than sundials , }/ ^8 m& G' C. q5 h% z+ _! Z
答案:B : q$ \- b5 \6 }6 T' O8 r
解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。 & n* W/ n2 t( @. ~3 x6 }4 Y
(2)
1 n+ @7 z4 C0 N* qDifferent species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
6 N8 }% L+ C$ ]1 Y5 A6 d* U应改为:in length.
, o: O, @! P" ^0 M+ u' \解释:long 是形容词, 不能单独接在介词之后, 其名词形式length与in构成介宾短语, 表示长度
4 h# l: n% G$ x. e* L8 a3 H
' J4 ^$ a9 |6 e" G3 M考点二 动名词作介词宾语 : T& a- u" x" j% `8 a
名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
" p, b( W/ B; @1 S4 ]如:before doing the job , after getting back& d- f% v9 W$ t; f$ n
改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱; K% ~/ L1 p" ~/ G
4 M1 Z$ D, {3 |/ B! V例题:: H: P8 U2 r" U x& Z
(1)
( G# `9 k" X6 N4 i9 {3 XThe Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
' u h( k* i- r* l- m应改为:carrying.
2 ]8 i' w2 ], @' S" U$ f. o- B解释:不定式不能作for的宾语, 改为动名词即可 6 ^ B9 B4 s6 p+ o7 f
(2)
d7 @8 S/ K/ eCopper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.9 {! ]- O, D9 y5 m; |# G2 I
(A) does not
1 L( G/ r& {$ H% Y (B) but does no" |5 L. _' e) ^! f5 @, t
(C) except/ i* x" ~' h. N! e. i
(D) without
, F* d, x7 M- H+ H A. y答案:D
+ Y& |' t- V" N8 {3 x4 w解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符. 1 V0 X, Q8 X! S% O
(3) Mary Ann Hardy was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.
, ^$ j4 M9 k" U. J应改为:in painting1 W& H# b2 l; r: G% S7 ]
解释:后置定语修饰名词,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。 |