托福考试辅导：语法讲解（33）

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考点三 独立主格结构
3 T0 e* n  C; L6 m6 B' v4 r3 L3 ]独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
. P3 A/ V) y" n2 q. ]5 _1、主要特征
# {$ z9 C7 }0 o5 ]  (1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
  ~0 F% H/ c0 B. p  [基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
如：his heart bleeding
1 X1 q* u* ~5 M" }9 p6 O   the baby crying
& V" M; s  S* f) G0 [0 Y6 X& K   the project completed
8 y# c4 D2 y7 b/ d. T　　　    The school being over, the street was full of the students.
　　　     = When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
; v, g& y1 \" x% a  L比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
  (3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn't utter a word. (独立主格)
对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
0 B: C. ~& Z" qFilling his mouth with water, he couldn't utter a word.
2. 在句子中的作用
独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
! ?5 F, b' z* v# _$ M* eThe leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
例题：
  R2 k' J1 h$ `4 y5 u(1)
9 h  o& w2 t) Z; z. k0 V   ----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
  (A) If
7 O6 K+ V# b" j+ X! e  (B) But
* q% }" B( |% L5 O' j* v  (C) With
  (D)Once
9 e' X- [: c7 Z& f. l! Z答案：C
解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
' h/ i. B$ U# k注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.