考点三 独立主格结构 ! o3 [$ B5 C: S- d. B8 Z- D
独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性 , ]7 N* J Z" x; `8 t( W0 L
1、主要特征, K9 u7 K3 e9 I' \
(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
4 l+ k& ^# a4 g7 c$ q基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
6 Y- N( K! F, `, R* P* P如：his heart bleeding: |: T+ Y! h/ r6 W& d" H
the baby crying& ~. [7 z$ w/ f' A
the project completed- t7 G" b4 ?) A+ X8 \9 o/ g
The school being over, the street was full of the students.
2 f& ?: d' M( B& Y = When the school was over, the street was full of the students. ( U) s5 B. @/ J' ]
(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
( G% S7 Q1 C+ d比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
6 e3 e/ O6 F$ T' j+ q q8 xMy mind was wandering (主谓结构) ' x: i/ p. x; W' V% Z
(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致 S6 P7 R, X" Z" I
如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn't utter a word. (独立主格)+ ?& d6 q1 a+ S
对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:. L& _- d8 w/ j! N2 L
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn't utter a word.
: n$ `7 U. C+ Q, _/ |0 F2. 在句子中的作用0 T! Z" X# M0 V7 y) C6 f
独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
+ I4 P7 e) }( W. { |( ?0 c如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)6 h3 g! t. c1 _+ g. W3 V
Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
- _! V) P( U$ u) @' mTime pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)7 E; u3 q$ x4 R/ ?) e& z
The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随) * c/ E9 D/ \2 Z- @& B. Q
例题：
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----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.- \# ~, T6 O& a
(A) If
- _0 N, E% p0 V- }6 l (B) But" ?$ x' I2 G+ w/ T
(C) With
1 N1 A$ [7 F9 l8 p (D)Once ' \- E1 B; a) N! y: W- w
答案：C
- ?+ O& S& N# K+ i3 S解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
4 S$ o% A3 y) Z$ o2 X- R$ U注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题. |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
