托福考试辅导：语法讲解（48）

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第四节 同位语

同位语一般接在名词或代词后，对其进行补充说明，结构上和之前的词并列，多是主语和宾语带有同位语，有时同位语为表示强调可提前到主语之前。同位语主要由名词充当
如：Let me introduce Miss Green, my next-door neighbor. (逗号后是同位语)
- ]# w+ z+ W% JThe famous American poet, Whitman, is best remembered for his collection entitled Leaves of Grass. (Whitman之前是同位语)
填空题中若除去空格部分是完整的主谓结构，且空格与句子其他部分之间用两个逗号完全隔开或用一个逗号隔开一边，则空格处需要填入同位语或定语
' f. Q) l. M4 z8 D% s例题：
(1)
From 1946 to 1949, ----William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.
1 O9 Y  U5 q$ U9 i (A) the lawyer
2 v; L- |) \1 ^( {* d (B) he was the lawyer
' C2 @! j# w& ~: e( E+ Q2 I1 y (C) the lawyer who
(D) was the lawyer
" W2 Y+ E/ q9 q7 e/ @, w答案：A
+ H2 C/ o; B5 X$ k解释：给出部分主谓俱全，空白处只能是主语的修饰部分，A恰好构成同位语。B,D与原句主谓语冲突；C从句无谓语
, O9 ^  l7 A2 L; w! m(2)
The skyscraper, ----, is an architectural form that originated in the United States.
(A) is a tall commercial structure
; T) ?# q1 U; ?3 R4 z (B) a tall commercial structure
4 I6 @! J: n4 Z) p0 W# H( Y4 S* t (C) a tall commercial structure which
(D) of which a tall commercial structure
答案：B
解释：空格前是句子的主语, 空格后是谓语, 且空格两头都有逗号, 需填入的最可能是主语的同位语; A是谓语形式, 可先排除; C、D都使原句只有从句无主句; B是名词短语作同位语
（3）
, A  X& h- b9 m# c" ]+ S! [Plankton, ----, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.
6 z. e( N! M0 }- _" q9 f9 T$ ? (A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants
$ n( i2 Z4 g6 \- h* d (B) is the name given to minute  marine animals and plants
1 D) C6 M! C; x) d) c; \$ m (C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants
(D) minute marine animals and plants collectively that
- H3 j; S% r0 O考点：同位语
答案：C
  a/ d4 F$ ^$ m2 y: g, k2 {解释：空格前后分别是句子的主谓语，以逗号隔开，空格处需要同位语或定语，A, B是谓语结构，可先排除；D使原句只有从句无主句；C是名词短语，恰好作主语同位语
5 G: U: B2 E) ^  K词汇：plankton: 浮游生物, collective name: 总称, minute: 微小的