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[托福语法] 托福考试辅导:语法讲解(5)

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
考点二 定冠词the
) v0 z6 z( y6 ]6 i' ]0 G定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:' F1 T% R5 F, C4 T7 y
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:# q: L% ]' J4 J, |( X7 ]$ B
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
" ]9 a, ^7 ^' ~& K2 |(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如:
. t5 {4 ~& J+ v) _/ J* Mthe first woman, the nineteenth century
$ G# P! Z! V, \% U1 V: Z# i4 t但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby 8 s2 r# ]7 j# i) a3 C, N
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
3 S9 l. D' O; H  \( q1 kthe largest city,  the most advanced technology . J3 {- A% Z8 R* {
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
& @6 }1 f8 ^/ ythe development of the watch, . A/ o) H& u: W- ]& J( J, k. g5 q+ Y
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:+ l4 J! e( a% m
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun % [2 \. D' G6 c7 I
在下列情况下,一般不用the:. r  ^0 T3 i: h" j! S6 z+ h
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如:- j( w  }) t6 q: p
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国)
/ w" `' c% v) z6 _, I但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the+ l% \2 j9 t) h& n
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) 7 [; V  l4 j, K+ q( ~
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:
* T. _! z  A6 Z% M  s; I, kalgebra(代数学),          advertising,         accounting(会计学)2 R& |) v, {: k8 V+ \; k* n6 |
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:0 m  n/ U+ y% U8 J0 {
Historians believe that…,          Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…
# F: L4 i3 h0 b5 I(4) 一些固定词组中,如:
- _: Z5 @- \2 t0 r% ?in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
0 `$ x' w0 d: s3 V0 A乘车的词组:( B2 x" s6 l& ?) R( d" i* l* S
by train(乘火车),         by car (乘汽车),          by bicycle(骑脚踏车),          by bus (乘公共汽车),& o  y* k0 E% G
by land(由陆路),         by sea (由海路),         by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)
3 F! I" \/ A6 ~2 hon foot (步行),         by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),
" x; p  Z2 n) e& s打球的词组:' N# p( J8 |( v% ]6 m
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball " L7 w) {7 B5 c* c' G- H7 \
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee.
6 f, m0 a5 y5 L6 _* y' D  `例题:% |6 P! _( I4 q( b. p* R/ @8 G
(D)         
& T/ F% n, a7 R  S0 X0 ~Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.
3 y* _5 j! K. s( Z' N; L(A) it was the
' C- `8 V% i, N/ a5 ?* B(B) that the- W* B4 X0 ]8 T
(C) there was a
2 F6 s; D* v  E(D) the
8 b' H3 r- M5 ]3 }: o1 H" h, W答案:D
5 n: X/ Z% A9 z! f* d( ?: T. T解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 1 K2 _9 |0 \1 z$ Y# U" [# J
(2) ! ~. r. {3 q+ ]; C0 c. h( a
  The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
1 p" Z4 \) ~% j% E# L应改为:of
# o1 b- i( h& ]( i% v+ h: _解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 3 Q7 ?) A: S% S! q; U% l# u) P& c
(3) 0 V0 Z, m: Z- J0 C
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century.4 @& m/ H/ M/ J" e. S* |
应改为:to the nineteenth) N7 ^* r# d' \
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the
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