考点二 定冠词the
# c6 I m& v# Z4 v5 V5 q: }+ l定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:6 A# ?" |& b* x1 ~! e
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:
9 f7 J% A! b, Y1 w9 t. i3 s& G% Ythe fern(蕨类), the wallflower 3 M) E% m) ~& V J1 a5 P
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如:# u. D1 ?: s5 H' ]4 _
the first woman, the nineteenth century
% w) D# S( G% M4 M2 F6 {" q但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby 0 Z: K- l1 ~( l( U
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
% Q A, d) T. J& [* P" b3 athe largest city, the most advanced technology ) V6 W& r: B9 h B) b4 m' Y
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:2 O9 d/ @: g7 ], m/ m7 k. y1 {5 N
the development of the watch,
6 O' v$ s+ n+ l(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
0 A1 ^0 r, I. s- n+ y* F1 {the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun % g' E. ~$ Z0 ~, W2 U+ |6 I
在下列情况下,一般不用the:
. {( v0 s) V K- u, W$ W$ Z6 ~ F/ c(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如:1 ]; Q; M: O. O, ~0 d
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国)
* q" \ L/ U; \但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the
4 X/ u. l. B# E/ c1 Y8 D& Jthe Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) 8 K- `/ D% c) r; h/ i1 Z4 ^; e
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:8 M: ~) P5 ^0 k; i- i
algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)5 v$ d. v6 n4 I8 z! z* |! F
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:/ X" N' _+ o' ]* a( }3 x" N
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…! M6 d( L9 w3 ]$ ^! s
(4) 一些固定词组中,如:: Q" q" h u3 D a% I
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed, }& n1 B+ q# \$ M2 K
乘车的词组:1 O i9 p8 t; m' A, u5 T3 l
by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车),
5 {' z3 I5 Q& @2 S9 C% Gby land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)9 R6 }* X f6 @4 b6 Q% J' Z0 e3 d
on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),- B# v# N# B; k' [0 i3 w* q
打球的词组:6 L/ ]7 K8 I3 G$ f
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball , q5 X K2 t$ n8 ^
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee.
% u1 r3 A& E# z( @8 S. U* X例题:
/ ]" A+ [- K7 u( u0 O(D) 7 M% a" W% R# q( q
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.
8 b3 C: X9 N: Z2 X; S& [% ?(A) it was the! Q* G2 i+ G% h
(B) that the
4 U4 |5 h8 \3 d(C) there was a
" T7 L( u; {( v(D) the - p7 w6 }6 y! q% Y- A
答案:D+ y, M! E% e7 ^, u
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指
- d8 o% F M7 L(2)
8 z: a/ w; ?1 j% r% E The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.% G% l8 X6 h* G* o* J8 k X
应改为:of
1 ~: `5 {1 O+ d2 w+ I* [5 `解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 j7 {. e: A- s; S3 o7 ~ @) \
(3) % A; p+ V" L+ B2 @
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century.
8 r- p+ {" ~" N* Q应改为:to the nineteenth$ I* B; A4 x. c2 O( B: n
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the |