托福考试辅导：语法讲解（3）

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考点二　their等物主代词

1．物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外)， 例如：不能说no my car, my no car，但是可以说 My two red cars
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! E7 C$ ]! |; W2．英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系，这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点
4 T/ f1 u4 }% k. T3 ~% i例如：Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products.
- x, a* C( Q% S7 ]' G这里用their 而不用 the

例题:
(1)
, X. O  G( K) E! W% h3 EA good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.
应改为: their
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系

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. a! j+ ~! P/ L# z$ O- XA liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any specific way.
( A$ ?6 j3 d6 F6 d应改为: its
0 L. R, V+ W  a) R' g解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语
! K( q" p0 `% ?" D3 n: b考点三 只接复数名词的限定词

a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词
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例题:
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4 [; ]$ l, h2 g, b$ Q9 oIn mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating those objects.
应改为: is a set
, M) P' @, J) f( y, ]解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合

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At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response.
; p8 B$ W: Q, ?1 Z* s" K应改为: responses
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few
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注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25，后面谓语动词用单数)
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, )