托福考试辅导：语法讲解（3）

会计考友

考点二　their等物主代词

1．物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外)， 例如：不能说no my car, my no car，但是可以说 My two red cars
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9 u/ c+ q9 i7 a  s& \2．英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系，这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点
例如：Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products.
8 ~; |; J4 A/ Z; B- q; _这里用their 而不用 the

例题:
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A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.
! a  I  F; ?+ x6 y# Z$ R应改为: their
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系
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+ z& t$ I; N. |' q' S) b/ RA liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any specific way.
应改为: its
! p+ |9 R: t. m- P8 u/ j7 H解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词

a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词

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# Q) j/ _& t2 b$ m* jIn mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating those objects.
" g* ]1 N' A* u1 o( |应改为: is a set
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合

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( a* ~& R. j- H* dAt birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response.
! z" f  [9 M9 D0 @) ^+ m应改为: responses
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few

注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25，后面谓语动词用单数)
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, )