第二节 比较级
% W; g) M9 b- H2 b; {英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式:- v& L4 W8 ~9 I$ a) X, @7 N+ j: x0 G
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;6 }# Q6 }) E0 D- t
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等
( q( S. L( m/ v- O G& p少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),
, t( a- ~, v/ j) o
* v, l0 H e o T9 t考点一 含有标志词than ! O0 H6 Z! f. v, }$ h$ w" W
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象,
* S" b H w, q; F& {如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
$ T- s# H0 w% j2 z0 e0 A) U( W4 `( c She possesses more books than I do.
& ^; W: f' K& U9 r3 J _$ l He is more intelligent than I expected.
/ V; n. u5 I8 N. D) D3 a! Kthan可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,0 o, j N- L$ r0 N
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,& b) S U) q0 H, X# U6 x
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。
& a' x6 B, o S$ X. r) G s2 G* ?% V例题:# j# M4 Q; ?9 Y' S. {1 Z
(1)
" ]( L7 \- P/ ]6 K# L! h* C Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.+ I# L1 ?' u9 [* z! x0 Q
(A) coolest" w9 [' ^1 \3 d" C3 y+ R
(B) the coolest
6 I9 ]. g3 F _% Y7 @% o (C) cooler
1 c9 s9 a c" q) e! i: W! } (D) the cooler
5 j+ F3 j% l" u6 s4 W答案:A4 O& M# Y1 H/ p- i1 Y; T0 O
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确
6 n+ G7 H: l* c* m& _9 i+ E(2) * P" F: g- ?- i% \
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.6 i: j, a" W/ R T4 L
应改为:more
; |3 u* `) s1 V- X7 B! }解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级
) T0 J+ L6 S9 a/ r& S6 G2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:
4 m/ \6 M9 P `- n# }6 u情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, & i! f# o1 m( O2 W' \' d" p
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain." R9 }) m" F* X" F# n$ Z
(that 指代the population)
( [$ D. Q. m7 w' ]9 s, r His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
# F$ R- e4 z/ |9 @5 c/ q7 u. ] (those 指代 designs)
`. a2 U: ?. C0 c+ ]情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)
2 b% s: t9 l: T5 Y `1 K h- l 如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may
- Z6 x8 @4 N% L& X probably contribute more to the success of a play. 0 Q3 e; r, x* v+ ?$ f
例题:
3 r* }- i, U4 c/ a; n W2 ZMammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
% N8 {3 u; X1 H2 t, k1 U (A) than do
: p N$ u3 M7 b8 [9 { (B) that are having
/ ]0 w# d0 g, }* ?# b( ? (C) which have
1 }: C* o9 h1 j5 H5 F0 s9 V (D) that do ' P) c4 N# p n8 q1 T6 o
答案:A
$ l+ i5 K% l" U3 L/ S解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 |