分词是TOEEL必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。1 X/ c6 ? \: w* y6 m
分词常考题型及解题要点:
( h% c8 |. L/ j 1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语。: F* t: k3 _7 |/ K
全真例题分析. b- u' d% F& v/ ]* u' J
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)
1 j9 Y3 p ^+ K6 J( K! O [答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。
: v5 p' I( p* Y- G3 o& K$ h9 S (2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)! G: g# x! j6 h5 D: O, H8 j" P+ f: Q
[答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed。
8 {+ H5 \ S& u& V) v/ c+ R7 \ (3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)1 u; w) v3 R. X6 H* d4 ?7 ]
[答案] A 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged。
# S `! M* M) n (4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)
' ]7 B+ O$ }) } [答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形空词。! `' ?; O, r# |
2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面
! ?0 z/ q( B" R9 f 解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。! u: s/ a$ Y8 {# g! {6 C% m
全真例题分析
( T) Q. g' }: O( K, y* Y& t0 }7 f (1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------
; ]) b' {: D3 d/ T$ a (A) the uses for livestock feed
% W. w! L3 v8 j (B) for using livestock feed) I! x7 q& _- B2 @+ ]: r
(C) used for livestock feed8 p, L, x2 U# K* e
(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1) \) a5 d2 l6 C3 ~5 P0 W6 g" t
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed$ K7 G0 n# x7 @
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.4 `! X8 v1 O8 M, c; {$ d0 C
(A) representing
. l' N" @9 H( t3 `/ T (B) represented: `, I$ y0 ^) R% m
(C) are represented
4 i$ H j. D4 ?* \: u (D) they are representing (92.10)
& U' d8 c" x) n& h8 | [答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms。
9 j, s% _5 X$ v$ X (3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
! K( u2 w3 t% k# x1 z (A) to know
. N8 B( P% V. T5 v# _ (B) known
5 G3 Q' c1 E9 J9 \ ?3 a p (C) knowing
$ r p, W3 i+ v. V" u! y+ w (D) knew them (94.1)# W2 x8 O" g/ m1 j% O4 |! p
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…& [# N ^; d: i" w+ |: j3 g
(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)
9 q5 D, v& a+ U [答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
& U7 M7 l; `; k- g4 `4 l (5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5), X# @* c8 {& R4 l% }4 E7 U( E" m
[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
0 H0 M& n1 O0 K/ L7 N 3. 分词短语作状语
/ N( }8 N. Y; M5 M: O* g 解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。
/ \( N/ M& B y5 m/ I 全真例题分析
: v+ b) O: ^4 | (1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.: E7 _5 k2 j0 \: ~' }1 M
(A) Known& l$ p6 m5 \$ B' c: t C
(B) Knowing- |8 K2 |& q( Q3 q" Z" R5 f
(C) To known+ n- v: x# I2 U0 `
(D) Knowledge (92.5)
% B7 l$ K: @% O2 Z- v [答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.' z2 E3 N9 e' f5 o- |, M+ F" I
(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
5 c7 j0 s) b. C5 u, {% q (A) Founded
) X. V6 @ A- n; V. @6 b0 ^ (B) Founding转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]
X- o2 m# a4 L; R1 v6 z (C) To found6 j6 l% Q$ c$ E& r. \7 p( A8 D
(D) Having founded (92.1)
. S* l4 [! Z2 k1 S, |' E+ B [答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.8 I9 p& ]" d6 P) @
(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.7 {2 r. _. r! W+ Z# _
(A) In 1827 they drafted
. r. A4 O, j v; c( A' d. @8 x (B) The draft in 1827/ s% P; \/ S* f# ?7 d6 ]! B" Z
(C) In 1872 was drafted8 B* |: V3 I) }1 x
(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)3 @0 S! ^8 F: i: [) A' N
[答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
* I/ E; h5 Y: B6 L+ z 4. 现在分词表达主动的概念;过去分词表达被动的概念( }2 u! K8 p+ `% \! x8 D
全真例题分析
H) ?, u7 Y, Q6 v3 { (1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)* q' y& `( M0 v8 M# F; a" c
[答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.0 U O2 s' E) `& A
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)9 f# v$ u9 f+ u: o& T- N+ J
[答案] B通常我们说to be based on ,这个短语表示被动概念(基于,以…为基础),所以应改用过去分词based。 F9 x* r: R5 S
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)" G* u; u, a( S b) g( F
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by,可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念,因此,应用过去分词divided by。
- F) e6 r5 T! V7 P4 Y( S (4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)0 T! S: a- ~- M: m% q
[答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系,不应用过去分词,应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构 |