托福语法指导：动词不定式及动名词要点解析

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　　动词不定式和动名词在TOEEL测试中不算活跃的考题，但出题频率比较稳定，即不频繁，亦无间断。命题焦占主要集中在动词不定式和动名词的基本功能及正确形式，即（1）不定式to后面接原形动词，（2）动名词具有动词和名词两重功能，介词后面的动词必须以动名词形式出现。不定式和动名词常考题型
　　1. 不定型工to后面接原形动词
　　全真例题分析
2 D/ l: U- ]; Z　　(1) Astronauts circling the Earth may get to seen sixteen sunrises and sixteen sunsets every day. (93.8)
　　[答案] C 动词不定型式的标志to后面应接动词原形see。
. G+ _/ t- [; f　　(2) Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew large leaves together with plant fiber to forming their nests. (90.10)
　　[答案] D to forming应改为to form正确的不定式形式。
　　(3) The poetry of e.e cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend graminastical rules as they strive to expression their insights. (91.10)
　　[答案] D动词不定式to后面只能接原形动词，不能接名词。
: ?, O0 X8 l7 u" C0 b　　(4) The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing. (91.1)
　　[答案] D这是一个非常简单的动词不定式错误形式的考题。Recing应改为race,与to组成不定式。
　　2. 动词不定式作目的状语中华考试网
) u0 W2 W; w; z4 a　　解题要点 不定式结构在句中可以作多种成分，目的状语则是TOEEL常考到的形式。动词不定型式作目的状语的命题主要分布在structure (1－15题）中。
; W1 \5 c& }& G9 m" U) y- |　　全真例题分析
　　(1) A fuel is a substance used ------- light, heat .or energy .
1 U2 Z  R) }+ G　　(A) generating
! c. a* `, c/ ~8 C% ~5 D　　(B) generates
　　(C) to generate
　　(D) it is generating
" f  O% @3 }$ X' }% v　　[答案] C 根据句意及结构，此句固选择动词不定式作目的状语。
: R( f$ P8 U0 I8 s　　(2) ------ stereophonic phonograph records, two recordings are made of the same musical performance.
* o: @& `  T5 h) F　　(A) Creates
　　(B) Created
　　(C) The creating of
　　(D) To create (92.10)
　　[答案] D 这是典型的不定式作目的状语的句子。目的状语放在句首是表示强调。
　　(3) ------- time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.
, E0 d. A  K/ {2 A& t　　(A) Saved
　　(B) Saves
　　(C) To save
　　(D) The saving (91.5)
: v; s# T- i1 u1 R9 H　　[答案] C 此句与上面例题结构相同。不定式作目的状语，且放在句首表示强调。
　　3. 动名词的正确用法
" O0 g/ a- i+ e2 ~' l; |) s　　解题要点 有关名词的考题并不很多，但有一个常出现的题型；介词后面的动词一定要用动名词形式，作介词的宾语。
# \# Z' o) P7 g$ L$ e/ D　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Microwave cooking can be accureately described as the first absolutely new method of prepare food since the discovery of fire (94.1)
3 z/ q( @; w. O% V　　[答案] C 介词of后面应接动名词形式，即of preparing。
　　(2) Most crickets have two pairs of fally developed wings, and mascular hind legs for iump. (94.1)
　　[答案] D 动名原形jamp位于介词for后面，故应改为动句词jamping。
0 K: K1 H- {* [& a! O: H2 Y　　(3) Because it is a healthful way to exercise derobic dancing is considered an excellent method for release tension. (93.1)
　　[答案] D 动名词原形release位于介词for后面，故应改为动名词releasing。
　　(4) The Cubist movement in art was reaction against traditional methods of portray reality. (90.5)
1 e: P' Y+ I( P6 D2 l　　[答案] C 动词原形portray应改为动名词portraying即作前面介词of的宾语，自身又带宾语reality。