十一、定语从句的省略结构$ `1 L9 x' w( x! v5 H7 z- M
(A)定语从句中,主+系 可以同时省略
: ~! s- z$ Q6 M) z, Q! J& a 即 that+be, which+be, who+be 可省
: w1 l$ q3 }7 ~6 }4 O (B)定从的特殊省略
% i0 P7 q; g2 Y! G I do remember the first time I have heard the sweetest voice
7 j/ ^0 ~/ `# t- \8 r6 Y- s in the world.& D5 k3 L; D3 E& g
1、the time后面通常+句子,因为(when,that)都省略: S+ ^+ c( T( X
2、the reason (why, that)+句子
3 `: Y; y% C' w6 M; l W- T 3、the way (in which) + 句子# |3 j% ?) o+ v m6 R
(C)定从中,如果that/which在定从中作定语7 H" K: {2 B+ J- q
that/which 可省略(作主语不可省)
) Z$ v0 O5 F( m Z% R SVO+(that,which)+S+Vt2 x7 f0 Q- h. F) K
……noun.+(which,that) noun. +Vt/ R Q( H6 Y4 G2 b4 M. I
十二、状语从句的省略结构1 v! r4 s3 u, t {! g y8 u* k
省略的条件:1、特定的连词
- {/ H8 o1 d" p; n, [( G5 P. J6 X; | when,while,if,Although,Even though
" r m: L0 q" C$ R% K$ R O 2、特定的从句
$ @ o3 e) B9 F) O 从句为主系表结构
4 k$ {, u. ?% H, W9 ^ 3、从句主语必须与主句主语一致
0 c" L# I" G, [6 M$ g1 o! Y7 r 省略方式:可以同时省略 主+系 (连词+adj/分,SVO)
; t n1 s4 O' D 十三、doing结构(现在分词/动名词)
1 j4 u& T2 D5 u2 G1 a& f Starring troops have to surrender.
/ S# Q/ a9 _) v4 H4 _ b. U ~~~~~~~~~现在分词与名词为修饰关系,相当于adj,所以中心词为名词
/ X+ W' g; l! ~/ l( Z Doing exercise is a good habit.
& U6 M1 ~1 z' \: x# F& B ~~~~~动名词是只有动词牲的名词,可以带宾语,与名词之间是动宾关系,
9 P) B# ]9 Z* K% L) e" r8 G" G 中心词是动名词
' P* l+ ] b$ }/ w, z *Doing 复数noun.+单V十四、make结构5 b: |+ A9 t3 ^8 H) @$ q
make +宾(noun.,代词)+宾补(noun.,adj), 必须加宾补4 I6 K; A' \; C. Z- u6 h
(A)make + noun. +noun.9 @: T* {2 J" Z+ a. b
make him president3 l9 V/ N2 b$ f L: ~, f* Y
~~~宾 ~~~~~~~~~宾补3 `. g2 c9 n* n% X* s" T
(B)make +noun./pron + adj.
2 }1 J2 {/ M2 T make it/the animal unique5 F' G$ w* t. ?8 a" g) g
(C)make it possible to do
7 }, ]& b p; }3 k6 x make it possible that +宾从
( G$ c2 ]9 ~* @/ F6 m0 U- }+ a, U ~~形式宾语
& Y5 y9 n0 b+ Y d (D)make sth. possible make possible sth.; Y; U: H8 ^3 b. g8 b; n0 ]) J
~~~短宾语 ~~~~~长宾语% {. O$ X. K2 Q
(E)make 成为" N7 L U2 E# `) t- l. T- N2 K
They make pets. 它们成为宠物。" W" K4 b" m4 J* b. e( V
十五、the more, the more结构* m: }1 }2 V3 M: I1 v; J: @
(A)对称性: 结构中的名词(主语)必须有限定词the more the +noun., the more the +noun.. d5 M/ U6 `8 c: j3 P4 ^
(B)倒装性:
7 G7 ?7 s; t+ G/ Z* n the more ……, the more……+ d: D" u8 M" q/ b
~~~~~~~~~状语从句 ~~~~~~~~主句: v8 W2 ]0 K0 C' S
(C)省略性:
3 |1 @( T& l9 T$ D+ \: m% q* h9 l6 D; k 相同的谓语可以省略,be 动词常省
2 A- L3 T0 W, y& F5 V: X 十六、表结果的伴随状语结构来自www.Examw.com
; l1 @, F3 m0 K! D9 c/ D7 l SVO,thus/thereby + doing
. c& r/ \/ V$ P {+ t4 N/ m ~~~~~~~~~~~~adv.
: b4 g5 U# n2 O& o7 F SVO, doing" K7 q- Y! r% O/ X1 }8 C: x
*但是thus后面不一定加doing
' K- \& B# B1 \& G6 T# q2 f9 \ 十七、形容词短语" r. S' G& a( O9 {
a distance equal to twice around the world; P) y, o- ?; a" k; M$ f
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$ l5 C, E3 K( y9 [% ^. y
noun.+(which be)+adj+prep+noun.$ d5 W+ b8 m4 I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~此为形容词短语+ U% V0 i5 i: Y3 y: E
animals capabale of secretions
. @' c/ [- U4 P" U 十八、加名词或adj最高级的省略结构# A: m' T& o1 J4 b! U/ P- g0 p7 F
……is the tallest (noun.) of the wading birds, P. `7 O$ c' \, @$ m% W [
the +adj.最高级+(单名)+of+复数$ D7 j7 ^, r$ U9 A2 m8 W
~~~~~永远省略
6 Y% m: C6 n4 ^' B *the________of之间永远只有两种情况(1、名词 2、adj最高级)4 Y8 C3 |# q5 T. J* _* \/ D
其它皆错
" K1 E6 @+ T# F- W2 u 十九、不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构1 i C* O& S; l- e% A
这部分主要是看不规则动词表0 I. _7 R) u- v& ^
二十、规则动词的过分作后置定语结构1 u( F6 T+ S! ]2 a6 M) J3 l& \
Automaitons programmed0 q6 a# b6 y% Q& W+ x8 p. F
比较下列各句:4 f' [- a8 i) s
We called him Bush.; _# l( @! T+ n2 r! w* T8 k
He was called Bush. 过分,谓语/ D. d( F9 m, X4 Z+ e1 c3 b+ C+ D q
A preson called Bush 过分,定语7 |3 v% ~) U; ^" c
先从逻辑上判断noun.和-ed的主/被动关系0 a6 z1 A% E9 R3 S' h: z
若主动,则为过去式,谓语
4 K' L0 a3 @* r% z. l 若被动,有be动词,则为谓语
( P; c8 y% d( ]( s2 O 无be动词,后置定语
. \; a+ {; ?0 H# J9 Y, y 二十一、逻辑主语结构
7 C* t" F9 S* @) T 现在分词,-┓
' F. e6 O# ?1 T& o2 e" K5 W: ] Z 过去分词, ┝+SVO+ _# ^4 {6 W% N4 ?! B. [- n
介词短语,-┛
; F7 [% Y2 I7 Q( s. P, {& k% h (A)分词本身应该有逻辑主语,必须和逻辑主语一致( i" x v% ]/ I7 |! x
即如果名词写出来的话,就应该是noun.+doing
3 ?5 C$ ^# S+ Y- q2 f (B)doing,SVO
$ T2 e/ X, |' F- W5 U* Y* ^ 作状语的分词短语前可加when,while等连词
3 S9 D0 i' Y' [0 O- ^( \$ j3 V While travelling in New York, Tom met many interesting People.
; ]% ~: y+ d: i; r0 H( m* O (C)To do……,SVO *不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语可不一致
( p" f+ B/ }, {. P To make stereo effects, two recordings are made the same/ Q. I6 t: a; ], E6 y( U, y% y
performances.$ Q- f Y+ n- u5 ^- l4 R
*when to do, SVO 永远错
+ f- {2 ]0 x$ P) O! q- x when to do 只能做主语和宾语,不能做状语
" q* `. ^+ n, \6 K4 j5 S5 E% p, g2 u SVO,when to do . 错
2 \8 V1 f3 ?2 T *答案中有when to do 不要选' a# O. H! @3 i. p y9 J0 b$ S4 L
二十二、it 结构
" ^5 _/ ~0 t3 ~, S2 D, P (A)强调句型
- c" G( `7 u& y9 R& u( ]: [4 M* o It +be+强调部分+who/that+其余部分
9 A# p' x; s: K3 B: l (1)强调人用who/that,其余只能用that
& M# N) t$ v$ I8 x& J9 B. ] (2)只能强调主语,宾语,副词或副词性短语; k( h6 l: q: A, X; n! T( s) g
不能强调形容词和动词
6 H3 {: x/ W3 A5 J& \" \5 k) G$ x% ~ (3)be的时态跟随原句
/ E) B- ?9 n8 L( j I, c6 } *强调部分与其余部分构成完整句。- Y. q# w, u! l' o
(B)形式主语: ~) \3 j" `! q2 J9 h, @; M
It is 形容词/名词+ ┳to do
' O' P" W8 y5 J" q3 h7 N2 `2 f( n ┗that +完整句(SVO)
1 \. h( k$ {# x1 k3 B$ [6 ? 二十三、which引导定语从句结构
' h) M) w! p% N! \' R/ [8 Z" y. x ┏which +不完整句
6 e# ?, d2 ?1 `5 @1 ~0 E SVO + ┣in which +完整句1 a" `; i) H/ K( `. n3 T$ W; H3 x
┗noun.+ of which + 谓宾3 Z6 a7 ^( B) g' Q. w. ~ ~
二十四、倒装结构* B6 {) n! f0 v* z2 X# h
(A)否定性副词用于句首倒装
+ S. N+ i3 L; d5 u not only,not until,hardly, scarely,rarely
7 h) W+ h1 w5 O- G( D (B)Only + 状语用于句首倒装
. ~ l5 t+ q& a8 i# z S' |+ t (C)adj.过去分词,现在分词作表语用于句首倒装2 Z. h* F$ ~ A! B; f1 y* w- Q6 U6 o' f
(D)So + adj. + be + 主语 + that + 主谓宾
3 q0 h g; J3 ?& X! {* Q T0 \) _: v *出现前四项,则找that
3 v" V8 E a9 A" F% v2 U (E)表地点的介词短语用于句首倒装 |