十一、定语从句的省略结构' B# D8 d2 G1 m- O
(A)定语从句中,主+系 可以同时省略
7 K; d6 s& m0 U+ h% y+ m 即 that+be, which+be, who+be 可省: g/ n; w5 B' G- T/ X# o( j- L
(B)定从的特殊省略
& U/ c3 C0 Q3 C y I do remember the first time I have heard the sweetest voice( ^# {$ L# e/ B W+ z8 H# o* a4 ?
in the world.. ^2 ]! k- O; l, Y
1、the time后面通常+句子,因为(when,that)都省略
, |) z7 R; Y' c5 P( R 2、the reason (why, that)+句子; V3 B l# |. v3 W% ^; o) F( S0 V. D
3、the way (in which) + 句子
* Z; ~" n; S: Y7 r5 P (C)定从中,如果that/which在定从中作定语
/ S7 R) @, F* L- D: L! f that/which 可省略(作主语不可省)
& K: _$ m/ F9 f+ e3 P% N SVO+(that,which)+S+Vt
, |! {, ^# `2 B! K0 V ……noun.+(which,that) noun. +Vt% |9 Q' u u* n
十二、状语从句的省略结构
9 l3 _0 W5 h2 v$ w 省略的条件:1、特定的连词
$ u8 n( o9 m# O/ y k when,while,if,Although,Even though, {0 W- r& B! Z" y6 Q
2、特定的从句! w& z* {) ~' l
从句为主系表结构( j4 n) H5 L7 y
3、从句主语必须与主句主语一致' |% R# a5 h( y+ I% `/ q
省略方式:可以同时省略 主+系 (连词+adj/分,SVO)
* w" W, _ J! R; L9 h1 U# g i 十三、doing结构(现在分词/动名词)
4 S, @- y3 ~ P( Q Starring troops have to surrender.
0 @2 ]/ P& J9 q" F3 ~ ~* @, P ~~~~~~~~~现在分词与名词为修饰关系,相当于adj,所以中心词为名词/ U! U _* w1 e
Doing exercise is a good habit.
6 l' }% y; Q! l' B K* j) j4 h ~~~~~动名词是只有动词牲的名词,可以带宾语,与名词之间是动宾关系,* p6 {6 e/ k7 d) m, Z! Z! V
中心词是动名词
. _% Q9 y3 r& e *Doing 复数noun.+单V十四、make结构3 r3 w- U, u+ p
make +宾(noun.,代词)+宾补(noun.,adj), 必须加宾补
4 N. U! J3 E" ]: T (A)make + noun. +noun.
& ~8 ?' [6 K; n8 {# g- V1 n make him president% M0 v" p* @6 p1 O! ?6 g1 ~
~~~宾 ~~~~~~~~~宾补
& j2 S' b: b$ X1 W& m- I1 ]8 { (B)make +noun./pron + adj.$ c& [1 T8 h# z |- |
make it/the animal unique
6 L3 c+ l! [( J$ i/ |; X f. g (C)make it possible to do
) [* ^, O. Z2 Q3 x8 J make it possible that +宾从
7 K3 `4 `& a! B. r" G ~~形式宾语, u# X; O0 Y+ f2 i
(D)make sth. possible make possible sth.
% ^( e! @+ W$ o' [9 k ~~~短宾语 ~~~~~长宾语
+ R' V, K4 |7 I6 `" c4 n (E)make 成为
! w9 a& O9 @ @$ y/ x They make pets. 它们成为宠物。 `/ n7 V# R# m3 ^ u
十五、the more, the more结构$ i3 x6 `3 j! h m
(A)对称性: 结构中的名词(主语)必须有限定词the more the +noun., the more the +noun.
& b, A! Z+ N' L. ~ (B)倒装性:
/ N2 m# P! {/ r9 A9 a" L- K6 o the more ……, the more……$ C* k5 G) T. [
~~~~~~~~~状语从句 ~~~~~~~~主句
; x$ ~0 m) {' `( M (C)省略性:
( A* J' v9 X0 H! ]8 ] 相同的谓语可以省略,be 动词常省
/ r8 [3 P# q/ X+ `0 m 十六、表结果的伴随状语结构来自www.Examw.com$ O' e( i. M! `( n
SVO,thus/thereby + doing& X) y1 y3 \1 {
~~~~~~~~~~~~adv.
( w5 w3 h ~" N% i SVO, doing! z' D* M4 q! n1 y, Y4 k- }4 K5 z
*但是thus后面不一定加doing
' D5 B: q9 E) ?4 w# u& r* q! M, e 十七、形容词短语' Q! a- I! V' Z. a; O" }2 B5 ~
a distance equal to twice around the world2 y: n. K, j3 q8 }0 y: w
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ Z0 @9 B( f- W/ s8 g& E/ `
noun.+(which be)+adj+prep+noun.
# W' Z. W" d0 g& w$ [ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~此为形容词短语
# N+ t2 q$ C$ v( W/ w+ V animals capabale of secretions9 f: K7 i$ N' b& f5 Q4 e
十八、加名词或adj最高级的省略结构9 m- k( T2 ]$ W# L9 G. ~( @+ w
……is the tallest (noun.) of the wading birds
/ w: G4 T- I0 ]9 F! o$ C the +adj.最高级+(单名)+of+复数
# ^, K6 H0 e1 A& D2 x) ?- N" S; f ~~~~~永远省略; w" T) Z1 R, G- c
*the________of之间永远只有两种情况(1、名词 2、adj最高级)
+ I! p3 \% o. ^ 其它皆错
/ r% |9 u0 j, r1 C, l/ g" z& X* ^' \# S" @ 十九、不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构
. W2 K# Z, `6 N T 这部分主要是看不规则动词表
& [% ? M6 n- t$ w$ _* N+ |' R 二十、规则动词的过分作后置定语结构
8 c; h9 N' I6 i3 a/ c8 H2 n+ Z Automaitons programmed$ a/ Z7 D8 G/ k5 k/ u" }
比较下列各句:
! [& B" T& G* F3 d9 X3 l" ^$ O We called him Bush.+ Z0 @, Z2 h7 t/ M5 i. ~
He was called Bush. 过分,谓语4 x3 @- X& ^2 I/ l
A preson called Bush 过分,定语
+ r9 y, S1 f; N3 h6 f 先从逻辑上判断noun.和-ed的主/被动关系
5 o# d% @; N7 ~* e/ O 若主动,则为过去式,谓语
& Y9 |2 H p' R; z( `) { 若被动,有be动词,则为谓语
: ]& l. P2 T, k# r 无be动词,后置定语 S. b& r" ]+ L6 o! G" o" e
二十一、逻辑主语结构) n" G3 A1 _. \; k4 @ h, ]% O) X
现在分词,-┓
9 E) Z) b/ m/ ~" x: } 过去分词, ┝+SVO. J0 M& p+ s d3 _; M/ | _1 [6 U8 [
介词短语,-┛! J. D' u" y9 v' h# b- S' j
(A)分词本身应该有逻辑主语,必须和逻辑主语一致
/ y' g/ d7 ]! C 即如果名词写出来的话,就应该是noun.+doing
, N; |0 r7 A: y* D: e# i (B)doing,SVO7 v: ^6 k3 _0 y7 v: ]) P
作状语的分词短语前可加when,while等连词: h3 A7 V H1 b0 `
While travelling in New York, Tom met many interesting People.
: q$ W# p; X) b/ V1 O6 O; v (C)To do……,SVO *不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语可不一致
" f. e4 O$ K( y' x& I% F& ^, h To make stereo effects, two recordings are made the same
1 x2 v& M/ B! W* n/ a performances.
6 X' M# W+ w/ c; c% B" { *when to do, SVO 永远错4 t( U& e I1 H6 ]4 B# ]$ v; F
when to do 只能做主语和宾语,不能做状语/ G9 P7 j' `' s( e
SVO,when to do . 错
, A: ]3 D5 R' c" x. ^3 p! T *答案中有when to do 不要选
6 |/ ^) i0 @" I8 T) w' z+ a7 k3 Z 二十二、it 结构
0 o, n# _" I- q T# u p- k: c (A)强调句型
% S! }1 {5 m: f- h3 F It +be+强调部分+who/that+其余部分
; S. h& \) c+ x& d8 r: M4 x' e (1)强调人用who/that,其余只能用that
0 t3 j8 z2 @; Y) F! v (2)只能强调主语,宾语,副词或副词性短语/ S! R. j: t9 a Z! i
不能强调形容词和动词
" G9 K' k2 d9 m9 p (3)be的时态跟随原句
5 K6 R& p. u5 q& q" I' F! n8 h* ` *强调部分与其余部分构成完整句。8 l* f$ y3 o; h# j5 S- I7 W1 V+ b- f
(B)形式主语
0 j# G6 e# `# r* y) `! C- B It is 形容词/名词+ ┳to do
. r1 Q2 L+ W* k; A1 d) S1 I: l ┗that +完整句(SVO)
& ~9 N$ S) H H! U8 |6 c. f 二十三、which引导定语从句结构; _, X5 Q& K# `; i$ T$ ~8 i
┏which +不完整句6 U" d5 x3 C% E2 M3 K% Q6 d
SVO + ┣in which +完整句
* F$ g4 k1 j8 _4 Y7 f G } ┗noun.+ of which + 谓宾
$ r* F8 W7 B, m' z# l1 i2 O 二十四、倒装结构; a( W, R: T8 U& O3 o
(A)否定性副词用于句首倒装
) P6 N4 m! o R4 U+ W0 H not only,not until,hardly, scarely,rarely; f7 Q( ?1 T' F/ {' n, _/ _
(B)Only + 状语用于句首倒装) m, Z! W; G8 y9 `# e
(C)adj.过去分词,现在分词作表语用于句首倒装
, ]+ v% C$ W3 S+ ^ (D)So + adj. + be + 主语 + that + 主谓宾
7 G. I6 b4 O/ o *出现前四项,则找that
& y1 f0 @$ z# G- n2 A4 B (E)表地点的介词短语用于句首倒装 |