造句要做到准确、多样以及高分表达! n+ x1 f3 q. m, `- s* W
I 准确的句子表达
4 y) t4 H5 S6 v5 i 1. 句型分析
! S2 t M+ o# |. \+ h 英语的句型包括以下几种,简单句、复合句、并列句、并列复合句等。在新托福写作中,一般使用复合句,辅以并列句和并列复合句,当然肯定要有简单句,做到长短句相结合。下面摘抄几个句子给大家认识并分析一下复合句和并列复合句。
+ D# K& N x1 g, a4 @; j) N3 F a. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English. y# V7 ]0 T }) p$ V
这句话是一个复合句,由even though引导的让步状语从句。$ v4 A) x; j: x( Y c$ E; G
b. This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.
9 `( ~3 P6 ^& {$ c5 {2 k 这句话中是一个复合句。with介词结构中,有一个that引导的同位语从句对result进行解释说明。
* k. ?2 ~/ e" j7 K5 ~ c. I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.
7 n6 i* Q ]' ~: D2 t9 Q1 t. ?& B 上句话是一个并列复杂句。and 连接了两个句子,是一个并列句;because引导的原因状语从句。7 }, u5 @7 K! Y4 v6 q; V* d
d. Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.0 n4 t- l2 m9 ^" \
这句话同样是并列复杂句。由and连接两个句子,成为并列句,再一个which引导的定语从句。' x2 K5 X( W# `
2. 有问题的句子的列举% k" I7 H/ `# P! P$ x" X
朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为,考生写的句子容易出现三个问题:一是使用破碎句,二是使用接连句,三是句子连接不正确。
6 U9 L% j3 c3 P0 M 1). 破碎句# Q9 _# i. i; @3 n9 N+ z: S3 {
所谓破碎句,就是句子不完整,通常是没有谓语(或者说谓语是动词的非谓语形式,如分词),或者是从句单独成句。
/ J; Y9 N7 b- t/ v8 d8 T, ]2 v" K 破碎句:She singing alone. (无谓语,singing是现在分词)- ^9 Z& w F! |# L4 U) a7 f
正确句:She is singing alone.* P% J+ y. |/ v6 ]) g
破碎句:He did not come. Because he was sick. (从句单独成句)
1 q8 Q: ~' g% M- K* t: s' n% M4 K$ } 正确句:He did not come because he was sick.
4 Q" A7 ~$ C, G! _0 g V1 W 2).接连句
# `1 C* x7 o( w( z2 d& W) z 所谓接连据,就是两个句子直接连在一起,既未使用连词,也未使用正确的标点符号。
2 M* Y. w/ I+ t E. y( x 接连句: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have greater freedom in planning their time.+ H; r3 S* y9 i; s4 G1 @
正确句一: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers. However, they have greater freedom in planning their time.. j+ u" J" {0 f7 _# g
正确句二: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have greater freedom in planning their time.; G. Q0 F$ r9 x2 |2 |# u+ S
3).句子连接不正确, [7 A, ^) k6 e8 U) a+ I* F6 e
所谓句子连接不正确,就是两个独立的句子之间以逗号连接,这是不合英语语法的。正确的做法是以连词、分号、冒号、句号等连接两个句子。
& b |% ?! O1 Y* d9 m 不正确句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, there is no change in the composition of the chalk.6 e# ^6 q, } W& P$ a: S/ T* U
正确句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, so there is no change in the composition of the chalk.
9 g/ L" t( \9 c& @, B8 ^3 c- Y II 高分表达% v; g+ T2 @: s1 L! z( H
除了在句式上长短句相结合准确表达外,朗阁海外考试研究中心建议新托福考生要使用一些特殊的句式,以使句型多样化。句型多样化也是作文得到高分的条件之一。除了我们之前经常提到的高分句式,如倒装句、强调句、状语前置、插入语等,笔者还提出另外一个句式的多样变化,即主语多样化。下面笔者将列举几个句子概括介绍前面四种句型,而重点分析主语多样化。
) t( V- a: n- z/ N 正常句: Luck only works in extreme cases./ E) ]' S9 Q6 U$ W( s! j
倒装句: Only in extreme cases does luck work.(否定词位于句首的倒装。). P, j# K# U: [! r4 D
正常句: The internet provides people access to the latest information.$ V+ v# t$ [5 H
强调句: It is the internet that provides people access to the latest information. (强调the internet)
* r# P# S: V3 |; s 正常句: The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry.
5 S J$ v4 M5 x& O2 r1 \: _ 状语前置句: Along with the accelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.. o; Z D* J/ K0 ^5 _/ j
正常句: However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space.3 |0 ?4 F2 } e% ~3 ]& C& b
插入语: New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space. (连词however做插入语)7 m2 w s+ p/ r3 j! [) C, g
主语多样( f3 r& K2 B1 @! C) X
1. 她突然想到了一个主意。! b P/ N, l4 j/ L) p4 S; X
She suddenly had an idea.
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通常情况下,考生会马上对这句话进行翻译,基本不会动句子结构。但是以人作为主语的英语句子总是不能够很吸引人,所以这个句子如果稍微做下修改,以后面的宾语“主意”做主语,这个句子会发生一些变化。 |