七. 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
4 n- @0 E$ C+ x 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。/ l) {% _$ N; L/ y$ p* D
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。# C/ ]5 v, ]( n; Y0 Y' C, B
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。* ^9 ?8 I, b- T- t j9 f# ~
改为:
u0 F4 Q- U3 T( J7 X+ z" B There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:$ w$ ]' M }. `0 q
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。. `) \/ K7 L. q6 \9 j2 M
八. 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
1 s" r( C6 c: M/ Y/ R Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
' O6 P* e( _$ I- R" i 例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。9 @+ i) [* H- ?/ `2 z
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
6 A% x' R7 D+ O 剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。* Q8 b- r# x, r' u0 K& S
改为:; Y) X9 ^- R0 H, J8 j2 h, m2 d6 g$ U
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。! V+ Q# f9 e+ ] q
九. 累赘(Redundancy)& E; j8 s4 Q3 V" m$ T
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:
7 S6 C- _6 [8 I6 N# q0 l$ i In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。4 E3 A* K2 F" ^' ^% g
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him。
- l9 v$ a: y0 A% R2 W 例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
. T \6 y( s1 P/ c& K 剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。www.Examw.com. J; C. |' q B# c
改为:0 b( ^2 v( P! y) U+ u* E h. W
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。0 P: f. h* @% t" E
十. 不连贯(Incoherence)
& @+ T9 g/ ]/ {2 u 不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。; `. o/ m( u7 v) ~
例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。4 P! P, O& Q! P1 |9 v h
剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。) n6 }$ p+ e, O+ H6 ?
改为:4 s: b H H# \% K# P: Q
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。
6 R% P" `& S/ c% z/ d 十一. 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)
+ `, {& S( n( S& R 所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。
& | C) `5 E9 e5 Y7 V, L1 e 例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc。 |