托福写作辅导：语言表达要简洁

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　　建议一： 避免空洞的单词和词组
　　1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子：
& @* N/ g$ E) y0 n6 Q, V　　When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
　　这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：
$ f/ V2 S6 v% `/ d" _, Z　　Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
  u* w2 C& `) R1 J　　2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换，例如：
　　Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
　　“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：
　　Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
　　建议二： 避免重复
　　1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子：:
　　The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
! c/ O. L+ X: a! [% l$ v$ i　　large 对一个farm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：
　　The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.中华考试网
　　更简洁的表达方式为：
3 Q9 G5 P5 `0 f" |6 T; g　　My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
　　2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换，例如：
6 p* c  M9 F$ C3 @　　My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm.
　　这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：
3 `( [9 x5 w/ F. N　　My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm.
　　建议三：选择最恰当的语法结构
　　选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下，朗阁海外考试研究中心将推荐几种考生们在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：
9 m% _! G! A' I! W- j. c　　1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：.
　　The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
3 L" r1 ]% N7 B9 K　　从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：
　　My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
　　2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：
　　There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
　　可以改为：
　　My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
　　更简洁的句式为：
+ R( v* r8 Y. e- i　　My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.