一、代词5 T& A7 C- z# N1 \& b
代词中主要讲解六个问题8 y0 i. Z2 X* j4 x+ d6 t6 P
(一) 掌握代词的几种格:主格、宾格、所有格 名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)& o( M* J) P% }1 }
(二) 反身代词# t- a9 H) Y6 g' @3 T Z
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。
" I. p7 D( W, y7 ~ He killed himself. (他自杀了)
: R" \( u9 D0 J" ?5 U He killed him. (他杀了他)来源:考试大2 Q* y; C9 W, ^. ^ G8 O7 E5 q( {
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating! O! m* n& T0 d& D$ u; Y4 b
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/ Y$ a, l5 D# U a series of indicators that could help; Z6 ~- e5 c' n, S- u+ s" a9 z5 ]
C
! S8 f- }, x& o, u, w1 }, d themselves to predict earthquakes.
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: `. e' Z4 N( { I3 U) b 分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。
( y: A' c( a4 {" C5 b3 D Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物。
0 m9 D2 c& q% G' Q+ e: S (三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别来源:考试大
: q5 }, V, G3 E# \1 l( r+ F) w 在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。
, R4 g. ~& T7 N I' I. W" ~* v 例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
' t6 C0 f7 _& y3 _7 T) I3 k that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the1 d& ^2 ?' Q3 Q" \8 t @4 l
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( Y' ~* O/ ~* |' ?, d4 ^! C Pacific.
6 f) {; |% O8 c9 y8 e 分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
: ]. ~% J& n$ }. q; m/ U0 W Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。/ ^4 n; J3 I, r4 D% F/ |( C
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:3 ], T5 [9 j, h% |2 C* b
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品" b6 R: {% {9 D! W+ i$ }* e2 e
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined
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2 _* i6 p6 U3 i# L3 F, C- A the word“normalcy”to express social and
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: |0 \! `8 Q! V: I$ M% a B- V economic conditions they promised the nation.
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* k- `+ k* W' Z# {: U6 H 分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。
: s8 L* e9 X ? 例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important* G, E/ C5 L( k: j
A
4 _$ ~+ T1 N1 m+ ^# S work is not poetry, but his biography, John& S0 e- n; F) r0 g0 {" c( C
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Keats, published the year of her death.
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.) I- d9 N; V" @! a- I7 q
(四) Who和which的区别. d+ y) g: T! w5 U @
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人,who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物。
. s8 @$ `$ D3 G2 m& j. S( o 例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who; s7 `# u; e( L5 T. t t. h' p% j
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.6 h4 j; m% Y4 J: @4 h" |
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7 Y) ?/ ]7 x! X 分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。( b/ {+ w1 P* `* h
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明。, a s6 A: n) M8 ~' o# |1 P ?
(五) that和which的区别来源:考试大 介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外来源:考试大2 k" |! K. g1 J! @
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it! M* x5 p# |' @/ T- p
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c- f8 y* M9 O* R4 @6 M would affect society could not have been foreseen.
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* }. f8 ~4 g M4 } W# I; o; \ 分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见
6 a' f' h% P- @: o" W, h x (六) 定语从句的特殊省略来源:考试大 Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when,way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which。
2 m* m* H! B6 b5 x' N, E, s! l3 @ I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
: \# k% F0 | ]' t7 c 例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain., ~9 Q+ A. O- J/ U6 o; h, _/ s6 ~
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& l/ e/ m7 ^ R 分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略
! S' t1 S* y) @0 R/ V+ a( y# ~ 例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has B& G1 D k! f/ F2 V- @
affected the way people in the United States----.
# j2 H! {" Y, ` (A) living and working来源:考试大8 `+ V `$ ~' H0 Q7 N
(B) they live and work 来源:考试大* O/ N7 N+ X5 O+ W [1 b- \
(C) live and work来源:考试大( x( K9 l1 A; _
(D) to live and to work
% r9 Z8 A% b3 I1 V$ d0 L# X 分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 |