surging—— To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating
/ `, d3 N- s: v7 y1 d0 K' M+ h) T surpass—— To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun
0 ]; \% K( s r; V% Q# E sustain—— To keep in existence; maintain继续生存;维持=maintain v/ A5 ~- ?" Z$ f6 W; K
sustenance—— Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物,尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料% X. F% |/ s4 g* Z% Q
Means of livelihood生计=livelihood
/ e& L( ^9 k6 ^/ s( m supplement——Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物,用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension
) _% S1 ~0 W T& U0 V* s; z An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大5 j2 b# e% i7 t5 G6 }. N- [8 E
supreme——Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding
( P+ i0 @- Q |/ o! k/ {* w$ l succinct——Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise
* _/ P% ~/ g5 g" d/ l sufficient——Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate8 [+ s* O( U! N: k8 j- h
sumptuous——Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的;花费奢侈的=luxurious7 F+ w5 G7 ?5 n) |: ~! D
substantial——Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重要的" e) Y( y, @; L2 t8 x* E
substitute——One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替
: Q4 h$ c$ {: K2 B/ b$ {0 m3 p subsidize——To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金
{/ w( ?- a; s6 X6 ]$ m, |1 Z subtle——So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的,细小的=slight5 P0 `0 D/ c; z9 X# ]+ D
submit——提出,提交=present提出;呈递
, N# g$ Y3 e- ?# B7 w subsidy——Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金+ q* |8 x2 X1 O" S) m
subject to ——在……条件下;易受……的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to
: N4 t0 Q! w0 v8 v stretch——A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度,地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间
% r! o: |# D! u- w F7 O+ ^ strike——To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout/ H1 f r( {: K, u7 v6 Z
To come to; attain来到;到达= make contact with$ F* R5 K+ m6 [! E1 x* |: m
striking—— Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的
- e/ L2 b2 q1 ?- t4 g stringent—— Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict: I6 V, y, g# ?
stimulus—— Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate
1 A5 I% R1 u# x: [! [1 C% D3 b3 h1 { strain ——To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧
$ C, r/ p# z5 u- d+ u& w stationary—— Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的;固定的=fixed, immobile5 S2 A& A- k" a' B- I! U
status——Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing. }: b& d3 e7 o$ R- |5 h
sticky——shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement
2 C p8 j: y8 |+ |, [ staple—— A basic or principal element or feature主要成分,基本成分=basic element
( b, v+ P. h# ~/ a( s squirt—— To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出
6 V# _4 h9 J' [* \( u$ @ staggering—— Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的;使束手无策的=overwhelming
6 Z/ V3 l( x* q! F spur—— To incite or stimulate刺激,鞭策=stimulate$ b4 U% t# b1 ~$ \% i: \' @9 l7 w2 n+ C
speculate about—— To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设. w0 T, J; l2 y8 I8 p( |/ ^, O
spinal——Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord; vertebral脊柱的=backbone
9 t7 A" R* ^' E" t spark—— To set in motion; activate发动;触发=bring about引起;致使;造成;达成, {3 t# e3 ], t+ K5 s
spawn—— To give rise to; engender造成;使产生=create
& s6 R1 q) v# H2 ^% z! W5 N solemn—— Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的,极认真的,严肃的=serious
) |+ z5 L) m6 ~% B- Z slope——declivity A downward slope, as of a hill斜坡/ i/ @- c d' U5 x' f$ V
smother—— To suffocate (another)使窒息=eliminate To get rid of; remove消灭;消除
5 r: G& p$ M- N( ^" \: _ F snap—— To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break
7 ?( |* w D" n. V signify—— To denote; mean表示…的意思=denote
& I Z4 V; D! `
- @3 ?+ p) O& z1 P9 s5 q simultaneously——同时存在[发生]地=concurrently同时发生的,并存的;合作的 |