一、理论知识
U# _8 J$ b! M& k9 J7 E! \4 _ 1. 直译法
; n+ X! w o/ g' z5 A honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
9 {4 Y$ B) r/ M2 d" V( W% S bull‘s eye
& x) F! H/ o* k# [) s0 \ bicycle people7 z$ k9 G0 T: W1 o0 p+ E/ |3 O. Z
milky way3 z5 Q; `/ v& A
靶心、骑自行车的人、银河8 M( h; T1 O) n% c( r: ]
2. 意译
; M" v& ]. W) |5 X& T7 p as timid as hare 胆小如兔1 L6 M( {' M) K- U' G) f8 @
day student 白天的学生
, q p2 S0 }" k, i) @( c* N: V in the dark 在黑暗中$ D* S' u8 v- A8 x
cash crops 现金庄稼0 N/ f- R5 l9 G% M0 A+ ~
胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物
) F2 V/ q; H& J% a6 ] He had one foot in the grave., r/ e4 d O; M) O! u. K1 I* r& O/ [
他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了
8 ^1 L6 y3 @2 f4 \) V; V5 t0 M 他已经是风烛残年了
' t6 i) f( Z; o7 n& b- D3 g1 C0 n& l The medicinal herb helps a cough.
7 {2 y7 h$ S3 z% }) ] 这种草药帮助咳嗽+ M) i7 ]6 b0 S- b; G5 L; _
这种草药可以治疗咳嗽
5 O$ a: [4 I& _- S9 ] 理解、表达(直译结合意译)、校对
7 I" } |5 q! ^8 m7 T 二、词
( a. m7 S0 a, [5 W3 m u 1. 根据词性确定词义5 U, N6 A+ m$ D% }( X0 [% u# x* M
The earth is not completely round.4 |( H! e4 k1 P' b
Let‘s go into the hall and have a look round.
$ H7 f9 k: @7 @ They are dancing in a round.
: _. ]3 c7 ~7 j3 G% G# l He worked round the day.: P0 T& K$ }, @
The boy‘s eyes rounded with excitement.9 B+ Q$ y' Y; f: \! L- @
圆的 形容词, t) j* h+ G; I9 N# ~$ t
转一转 副词4 `$ c! _9 U9 B9 k4 L/ P. ~7 {; ?
一圈 名词
8 n4 D6 q7 A' t% i3 \ 一整天 介词
! P! _& k, r: g$ N- d 睁得圆圆的 动词
) b$ N* ~ }9 ] ^& Q4 J 2. 根据上下文确定词义3 U+ g0 H( e, P/ e# V9 ~) @2 G& R
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
! t6 p. Q) N; ] Work on the new building is moving quickly.
2 Z" a4 e5 w7 I& Y The government‘s opinions on this matter haven’t moved. n5 O- _' Z) m( G+ ~' W
She moves in the highest circles of society.
. F5 ]6 ?2 C# v Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.+ g5 `, ]: }* q+ Z
打动/ { M& ^6 ]9 u" M, w
进展- L* y, m; X5 I7 n1 G
改变
9 D3 g- s6 G9 K% f" w4 s3 g 生活6 w; a2 l# c5 Y7 b
采取措施6 w! [( w* m8 C6 Z* `8 g# Q
3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义
- H* Q$ q' }4 S& |7 U I think your suggestion will work.3 q/ c, M) O0 [
The new treatment works like magic.5 r/ A+ G% Q# r' k% w' {( p
My watch doesn‘t work.
0 G$ V& k0 @ y6 q. M) a* Q The sea works high.
- N* P' Z# j2 M# b4 Z She worked her way to the front.+ y i% f5 P! ]% f# m+ j- J) z
The new regulation is working well.
3 Q. e2 f; d+ A4 B3 J! z U$ Z7 ]8 Y 行得通6 x4 F) ?+ ~: ?8 x% Y
疗效
4 A/ M h; `0 D* c) X+ j, W4 q0 t _ 走
, }1 Q ]9 l1 J* r2 A$ w1 R 汹涌起伏3 g0 d& q2 i8 P+ ?0 D) b
挤到7 _6 ?& s2 k) ?4 f; p" T
执行
0 D: l* b* C# G/ s. @* o 4. 通过抽象化加以引申1 P2 W: ]0 n8 Z* v. j3 T0 f- ~& f8 D
They have their smiles and tears.
& |0 N6 {+ G$ g 微笑和眼泪 [2 W6 {0 n* A2 D) Q
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
+ n4 h$ Q* X; J7 w$ k7 g( I 单行道: I, d: {1 S+ ?, r @. d, ^
I have no head for mathematics.
7 ]( J$ o: b) {* v& L 没有头脑) e, Z2 v O* s1 l5 s
欢乐与悲哀( T1 S6 Y. r$ r& p, c3 Q
有来无往
9 _: z. D4 K1 D: w+ v 没有天赋% G* c4 L# T2 A' q' X1 D) V
5. 通过具体化加以引申
* p( w( J& X, C# r, L* e The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.7 V0 b9 [. N! Y: Y' J1 @0 k+ S0 A
绿色 绿灯( |+ m+ Q1 C" Z7 n4 R* p; [
Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
3 Q9 Y) I0 |" S2 }. }0 d+ A9 r, V3 Q 麻烦 缺点
7 v6 X+ C( ` z4 D' u 6. 增加原文中省略的部分
3 o6 |3 N. G, c2 W- h Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.8 f* z7 X" G" ]1 ~2 i2 L l) U: }
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
. W; P$ x4 N' ?. h" B Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. Z* q/ W6 ?/ i% o5 x. @. T& \
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确
5 ]: c" _3 B7 l3 |& D! N 愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱
g0 T; ] K6 \2 v' ~4 ` 如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
! b) K5 {1 ?1 p. Y- E* d4 J 学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习- E( m# o, F- }$ T( i# ?: @
7. 从语法角度去省略
# t _- }, w! x The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.# \, ~2 |/ y. y! ~- e9 Q
It is the people who are really powerful.6 j3 Z9 S" J7 N+ R: s
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?6 a6 F) b: H# [8 ]
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People‘s Republic of China.
* g' A5 { h; A& L3 ? t Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.# m7 L$ m: v0 g# w
人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西
# Q! P" N+ b5 ~1 s; d 人民才是最强大的
5 T* b6 P! s# _: v- [9 { 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?( J, I" G# b3 \. A
1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国( j' V, r* v) ?4 H
必须在购货单规定的时间交货& y& N+ p8 A F9 N$ X
8. 重复法3 J `# X7 r A& D
This has been our position—but not theirs.
# d ?6 T/ @/ O We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
- n" F+ D0 F2 J( C* D9 | x He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
/ i) ]7 ^, \# z9 r 这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场" O/ e5 B4 t% Z! l' b
我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情
7 ?6 y( {, N3 I 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败
7 \3 E( v5 ], k$ H. D 三、句( r9 T6 G1 i3 A0 d; ?! ?
1. 主语从句
+ T8 p7 M2 j( y! ^, {" e Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
9 l b; z9 [' S9 K 任何值得做的事情都应该做好& X$ { S4 Z. X" @2 q6 u
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
2 }! B" m8 S0 B. g; c* ]% M 真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点
! E" w* `2 n5 A; J 2. 宾语从句
. d/ X, Z# q6 M: r2 _ I told him that because of the last condition, I‘d have to turn it down.
9 i* [9 V# |% U; C: T8 C! N: ~( s r 我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝 h8 w2 E7 k; K6 {- C
7 q' y6 F1 s5 I6 Z! i, L We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. |