一、理论知识
# D( Q" n5 A* m4 j 1. 直译法
0 T1 ^+ I- M! E3 z honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
" W& G" X. _; _+ s; B5 Q1 l2 i bull‘s eye. q- V" Y1 R2 o6 g8 v
bicycle people5 p$ Q9 Y% U1 A. z3 Z6 k- e# x
milky way }- i! W% z/ a, i) E3 v! h0 O$ |
靶心、骑自行车的人、银河: ^4 `* E6 v- G# T
2. 意译) L: K+ K* y4 C ^
as timid as hare 胆小如兔
9 L" b+ j! ~; T" F& V day student 白天的学生4 A9 A4 s1 h' N1 C4 b/ z0 _, s) i# w
in the dark 在黑暗中& Q" V$ P' `& ^
cash crops 现金庄稼7 Z# r) Z: o O( B9 z* O/ x& g) K% I
胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物
( M( R: _# d" J, ^$ `& T% W# B: } He had one foot in the grave.( S: K. v7 v, O+ R# p' ]* Y8 y
他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了! P% c$ e8 y9 q9 |3 C
他已经是风烛残年了
) {) i# u6 q* }9 w$ G The medicinal herb helps a cough.
! A- H3 d# t; ?1 q( |) N4 O+ R 这种草药帮助咳嗽
) ?/ U9 U d' s, d0 X$ u; \1 U 这种草药可以治疗咳嗽! b9 y+ l$ s, B% \
理解、表达(直译结合意译)、校对+ |) F2 ?' Q6 _& o& }
二、词
/ Y' j2 @5 l3 e0 L: a+ h8 \+ m 1. 根据词性确定词义
3 ^* ~& r( s' r% _7 L/ V The earth is not completely round.
; a, _' [+ H' ~ Let‘s go into the hall and have a look round.
+ E$ L$ \5 b7 g* e A They are dancing in a round.
1 c8 _7 M% D' R2 E2 w; `/ T. i He worked round the day.
) Q+ r& w9 Q( q; t The boy‘s eyes rounded with excitement.
) g; h" B+ j6 g" u 圆的 形容词
7 Q( B" H0 s! |7 H7 P; s; v 转一转 副词$ T" _. E# C$ b" M" J
一圈 名词
/ S( B* [& _2 z( u% a 一整天 介词
# f% r+ a7 |- W' N3 }. ]1 {, U: H 睁得圆圆的 动词
% b [: S, m# ~ N9 C. E 2. 根据上下文确定词义
- s& ^; g: @8 ]& O8 B. \& [" X) E The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
" n7 h' O" ?; y Work on the new building is moving quickly.
, r& x) x4 _% o2 i* q r6 g The government‘s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.& e3 {0 c- [0 }2 K
She moves in the highest circles of society.
, Z) O: \* w. \5 o) B Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
' M; `2 o6 ~5 h$ y 打动* J1 _1 w8 M+ [( T5 k5 ^
进展
, h; V, A( |9 N% {) m 改变/ d& V0 O4 a6 d5 z9 D1 ^* }
生活
8 ^' G; T; R7 C! Z 采取措施4 R0 C$ Z+ Q/ G& O; i! d" H
3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义, m$ C; V& H& X- H. ~; R3 @
I think your suggestion will work.5 F0 r/ B2 {+ v- _( ~ t- ^( z
The new treatment works like magic.
. o ~& N( H* \, f2 |7 J; S My watch doesn‘t work.
* H3 S1 X8 b& ~0 @ The sea works high.
, R! y& D; ]1 U. A# V She worked her way to the front.
2 Z/ Y( E2 y1 j: [* Z* l, V" i* H The new regulation is working well.
p k3 F) \$ {4 C- ^. r! q6 r 行得通
' |; t A! }6 b9 x. K" e. f 疗效; s7 }) p& U# n
走
1 Z A3 ^" F/ q9 E8 a1 I% K& f# p, N/ T 汹涌起伏* L# D9 Z5 u9 L c; E
挤到
, U* p# l1 b5 e& k 执行0 U- {' t* G9 M$ p
4. 通过抽象化加以引申
k f# W% M' B+ P They have their smiles and tears.2 _; O8 g6 m: H2 N* Y
微笑和眼泪) M$ Q1 E* Q9 d, \1 c
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.- h: O( X/ n( H, ?6 x& g/ |6 u: O, N3 I
单行道
& j: O9 ~7 c! i- p& c/ ]. M h I have no head for mathematics.
0 \4 t* ?- @, y* U/ E 没有头脑$ E3 `; w5 R. P; ~9 O3 {
欢乐与悲哀 O- Z; l! f, Y3 C3 C) E
有来无往
% S, J( v7 z2 Q* x' U2 D- [ 没有天赋! j1 ~! S7 |4 s* w; T
5. 通过具体化加以引申5 p2 d& C2 c3 e/ @$ E) e& w7 _
The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.
0 }- D/ C* t0 j 绿色 绿灯. B% |+ a0 j$ M
Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
" b- Z+ ?5 d5 o0 s 麻烦 缺点 U5 `. q. L) ~# a% \" L. o; q
6. 增加原文中省略的部分7 o+ O8 D9 S9 k1 [8 F3 T
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
% {" z" ?, ~* L Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?9 }5 _3 |3 t& G2 D) R% L) f5 M
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.- A; J; F8 L$ U4 ]" W( \* {/ G1 ?
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确3 t1 o5 q2 `8 t7 `& L- E0 y
愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱
4 L4 ]2 ?/ ^' O, _- v1 u 如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
* w, w' q! d8 a/ {/ K 学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习
+ o% q$ \0 I( m, d. T 7. 从语法角度去省略
( v: A; p3 {9 i4 F The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
) m2 e R. V# o! i It is the people who are really powerful.
% l4 L" ?9 y1 G, { If winter comes, can spring be far behind?! M- J+ R$ g# N+ c/ U$ Z
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People‘s Republic of China.% o) q" ]4 Y \6 o3 y ?5 V# Y
Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.8 m5 T9 v3 |- b
人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西% p5 g/ ^, I+ q4 o1 Y9 d
人民才是最强大的. T# H9 b. A( X+ k& Y/ i4 g; F9 A) X
冬天来了,春天还会远吗?7 t3 Z# N: z, `' d1 y
1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国# a/ b) t. H% I h |( W
必须在购货单规定的时间交货
9 S' q8 }% H5 i/ \! i( o, S 8. 重复法$ ~7 z+ }; y; |6 k' o
This has been our position—but not theirs.' _/ [" c" U, d- g: ?
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
* B5 g* h) N' q7 p0 o( ]8 Y He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.. [- J8 H; H$ Z5 S7 J" F+ f( m
这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场5 A1 v7 Q' i( A# D# O; b9 o
我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情% n* x1 O# {+ B4 J/ K' C
他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败
& [8 |( j. ^ W 三、句
& J s' [8 Q4 P9 c6 B2 e( `1 o 1. 主语从句: o1 x3 c' h6 k7 G7 @1 y
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
" i- ~( A: f/ z6 n# I 任何值得做的事情都应该做好! k) X6 b8 j% d) U
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.' O6 V' Q4 b' D5 n- U
真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点% ~3 L7 e$ E# f0 ^5 O& r
2. 宾语从句; @; y& I h" y' ?
I told him that because of the last condition, I‘d have to turn it down.
; A9 P5 f( y" z% \: l) o 我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝
4 z5 e+ ~4 q8 R1 L. |, M; d! C
^' }, _1 m* G5 j We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. |