一、理论知识
$ W/ d( G7 D) T$ w, f! r7 L 1. 直译法0 D& v8 ?$ i+ z# C! @/ W1 q
honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction) x/ V: d3 O& o! P5 x0 W9 X2 W
bull‘s eye2 `/ ]. S o# K7 r0 m
bicycle people8 `( f' `+ E/ ]: C
milky way
# @; U, o6 ]) a& G' | 靶心、骑自行车的人、银河8 z ^& g, g- j5 G8 ]+ M
2. 意译' q) k3 W1 Q/ \, |# G2 k
as timid as hare 胆小如兔0 K# [1 u2 W M8 w: s: s
day student 白天的学生
. W1 `. W2 c- E$ [! n6 N in the dark 在黑暗中! W5 f( q: ?' M0 s8 W* N
cash crops 现金庄稼+ o9 U% \. |* S
胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物! L# M# L8 ^" Z) n$ g% g
He had one foot in the grave.1 t0 v }! X" a6 W, w
他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了% j7 s/ E7 D W' \( Q" [7 H
他已经是风烛残年了5 |% U3 \9 Z/ g/ r4 Q
The medicinal herb helps a cough.# c( c0 O3 { O3 h Y
这种草药帮助咳嗽
6 B$ t7 D/ \1 [7 U! \ 这种草药可以治疗咳嗽
; u; z# ]7 \: J- Y 理解、表达(直译结合意译)、校对
7 e9 v3 Q3 Q0 Z( |1 J% ?" k5 s& } 二、词5 t- ]! ~2 ~' u3 a6 [2 C
1. 根据词性确定词义
# o" O# l$ }0 f* v The earth is not completely round.% q: w }% U! _- l: Y0 }+ m' J
Let‘s go into the hall and have a look round.3 ~+ d8 |, j( w! k) B
They are dancing in a round.
4 u6 @0 z4 A3 A$ c4 a- v( T He worked round the day./ L) G" u1 W$ d4 D; h' a i" p1 M7 p
The boy‘s eyes rounded with excitement.
+ E) c3 u8 p+ K6 X; n8 b3 f8 m 圆的 形容词$ S& P! Z2 I9 H9 O; ^
转一转 副词
' U: w! @5 E' f. I1 W 一圈 名词' f" _6 x8 V8 ~' W1 e
一整天 介词% s# T- y% p; [3 x/ T8 B
睁得圆圆的 动词+ s/ z' A D7 A5 c$ ?9 D; ~6 [
2. 根据上下文确定词义. ]) d2 ^$ w$ { c
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
( p2 K2 Z3 N3 Q Work on the new building is moving quickly.6 n% n5 a8 N* M- w
The government‘s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.7 c$ ~0 f" \( z" W7 |
She moves in the highest circles of society.
8 L" x$ W c0 ]4 |( _. q Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.: r6 Z) a7 x% u& h
打动
9 S" t$ ], H s 进展
0 l% z8 [" C: `9 j0 \ 改变
% W: Y* o- c/ Q/ t1 j 生活
( F: L5 }5 ^4 i1 P 采取措施% |; W% A/ @+ W* v/ a
3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义' v% K5 r7 S. v) ?0 E0 |: m: I
I think your suggestion will work.! K& W( ] g$ y
The new treatment works like magic.6 |; v; y. {# S0 E3 D
My watch doesn‘t work.
) j$ I' i! k( [+ v) D0 j The sea works high.
' J/ k7 [# A) H' R: z2 _ P1 O She worked her way to the front.
& v, D) T1 Q% z The new regulation is working well.
& o! }# y8 R4 r% g9 l 行得通
5 ]# k# O. [9 n" b 疗效
5 J. n% l: e v/ M* d" y 走1 F. u' S8 x1 l2 O
汹涌起伏5 [# E$ c% ^; y+ n
挤到1 V( G5 z* D$ L
执行; M) `0 e. m$ G6 l j9 T- x
4. 通过抽象化加以引申
3 ?% E$ O$ i/ M7 v$ e They have their smiles and tears.
. k+ N0 h( {0 P% _7 d3 z2 |+ {7 S 微笑和眼泪2 b+ h' M+ Q/ G3 X" x' d
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.4 n S" D% @' w" [
单行道7 M4 f/ q1 k5 g# A
I have no head for mathematics.( Y4 m& Q6 O( H! U$ t' _6 F
没有头脑
$ |. x: P: _* l! Q# [5 \4 n 欢乐与悲哀
8 W1 \) N3 c7 b: x% O4 m, n5 L 有来无往2 v* c; K8 `! l5 M5 Q& r% Y
没有天赋
( Q5 J* U7 {9 o& R/ p3 k# q 5. 通过具体化加以引申) T1 N! b G9 _+ F- O+ O
The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.
5 P! _ b3 e5 B0 _4 J' T 绿色 绿灯
8 e9 U- ]# x7 L4 w8 \3 p Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.) }$ C5 ? ]: x
麻烦 缺点
$ p; |6 ~$ p: w! L3 U) P2 e 6. 增加原文中省略的部分1 Y; K0 _7 }# Y) G) L
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.; T/ ] t! m3 r# E) q2 I
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
+ q1 B- Y$ _+ H' E# I9 g Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
6 F9 ?3 M( W( }, L% q6 g2 q7 N 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确, d- E/ d$ y- x* n6 Q5 x/ a
愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱
i, n0 `$ f) C1 I 如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢- |; i! ]% L% i3 M
学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习
( K9 _8 Q5 i& v( \8 c2 ^* e6 U 7. 从语法角度去省略
8 s3 M( I7 _( n h+ | The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
/ K/ X/ g4 W" _5 L& Z It is the people who are really powerful.
- ?4 g3 g4 L2 ?) v _4 S! N% }7 z. [ If winter comes, can spring be far behind?. C. ]; M! D0 C6 G2 E. S
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People‘s Republic of China.) {5 O* P+ }2 O2 t4 C! i0 ]9 q
Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order. N6 _$ k& {7 f( Y. M# C4 M9 f
人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西+ W& W; S8 l) l1 U1 w
人民才是最强大的
, n% X1 i9 S9 p1 w: k' V# v 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
$ {% p; L) [. A+ l9 S7 `5 c+ R 1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国; Y/ S& A1 x& c0 Q$ L: [' L
必须在购货单规定的时间交货 G- ~1 b7 ?; U. `, j
8. 重复法
& V$ x) C* q: O2 G) J This has been our position—but not theirs.
, T4 }) W4 _* [3 C We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.' G. d" j. }+ m0 e; ]
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
, \/ q. c5 \# g$ j/ U 这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场4 _9 P; u' d: N& F- x8 l' t* I* |
我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情8 k" ^2 b1 _0 U% a6 A$ s- ]( q
他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败
) h1 ]& e5 |9 P3 S% s! y 三、句
; i2 M( `$ {* }" P* t \" O) U 1. 主语从句
* s' v4 _6 r* v6 F/ C Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
# A5 Q. V( {' @, }- _& n 任何值得做的事情都应该做好" ] ^6 U: L1 r# r
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.) a# N( ~: N5 L! L
真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点6 a8 J, |& W' @7 {: V- s
2. 宾语从句2 b6 ~4 w6 J9 n! ~7 u: w* c& y
I told him that because of the last condition, I‘d have to turn it down.$ s" y: J& V+ J, |
我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝
# R2 q0 A/ F# ]7 n
6 H& O1 q% s) K, h We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. |