分词是TOEEL必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。 分词常考题型及解题要点:3 P/ H1 t6 z9 G% L* n9 L7 }. g
1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语。
: A% s) g! K8 z' h 全真例题分析 P( p% ]' L- f8 S$ w7 y8 z
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)8 [* q, H$ Q; T2 d. D) U) n4 p9 v
[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。2 f4 n3 V7 `, o9 ^9 e
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)
2 z: r3 f4 _5 p$ J [答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed.
& `% I2 h* K+ \7 S1 q0 Z$ j (3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)
8 @% h+ }2 ^6 e. s; `% p& r/ ^, { [答案] A 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged.
5 N7 G$ [ A8 c/ i2 ~* m, p5 p2 Q, c (4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)7 @$ L+ C( k* L5 Z: s
[答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形空词。
0 s8 Q6 K% f' [0 [ 2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面
/ D W6 s; f! z4 T5 u 解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。6 {8 K0 O# j% g8 ]: T
全真例题分析
6 r5 S' G, }% l9 g7 V (1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant ——
; o4 }% ?, C |" f+ G( ^ (A) the uses for livestock feed
0 Q& F3 D$ Z5 ^2 k. K" \( _+ ~9 { (B) for using livestock feed4 G. t( O) _6 F
(C) used for livestock feed
) X' t( ~, Q% L) D# M* n (D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)
' }5 t5 I5 n5 ~ ~# Y/ ^ [答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed
! {4 _ k1 @" ?. S# a% D4 r (2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks —— numbers and their logarithms.
5 a* d3 Q% U k (A) representing
! x" D5 x9 G$ N( }. Q" p' T (B) represented
7 f( w& Z4 s9 G0 h8 R (C) are represented% {# q- y" _* E1 E( G
(D) they are representing (92.10)% l" V" o4 I" E4 f- P, Z6 @
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms.
- W$ y$ Y) g9 C$ ]2 g* s (3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties —— s feeling ,intellect and will
2 j8 _9 h! K& Z9 b; ]. U (A) to know
: U/ ^, K# [; d* L (B) known3 p- }: |4 m9 Z3 U
(C) knowing$ Z6 [4 O7 `7 o' W6 E/ x3 _
(D) knew them (94.1). |0 R- V+ H8 L, m
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties.此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
; \/ a3 v8 {& E$ ^( J (4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)" Y/ g* N- n5 _& }0 o0 b/ K8 C* }1 u0 r
[答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for./ o; C3 v* ]* p3 V
(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)0 r4 l, J$ u: a/ ~" C
[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written.: F/ v ~ J2 }4 l0 J
3. 分词短语作状语
) v! P+ X J: H/ _0 {) ^3 ~ 解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。
% p" B! ?' C% R 全真例题分析$ }' ^, w9 s. P. g ^0 t, f4 X5 E; Y
(1) —— as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.& U! K. {- z4 {4 o% T* E1 q
(A) Known
0 [# h; N$ K1 I4 m( e: s (B) Knowing
( c: y/ V' [1 Y; B/ e (C) To known
' v6 B* `$ k3 Z) Q( l (D) Knowledge (92.5)
/ H. b1 _# J) x& m [答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
' O/ {0 w; N" N" g (2) —— in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .: ]0 A' @$ F) W$ }0 l& f
(A) Founded8 J/ [: Q8 ]& I z4 C5 h
(B) Founding, T0 K0 z! w/ L j4 Q
(C) To found, h7 g0 `0 ]7 r4 V0 Q; V
(D) Having founded (92.1)9 z2 b: Y8 g8 w) L
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School. r* y' ]( R: z: e+ z. M2 X8 e
(3) —— the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
" {/ N" i" A3 r L (A) In 1827 they drafted
8 m$ a0 e0 P8 h& X3 I (B) The draft in 1827
" O F* W0 p7 a( r, g (C) In 1872 was drafted# `9 M) o8 ^6 @! ^, `* X6 |
(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)+ O, E" `4 x) c& p- F, c8 n6 j- V
6 X7 J& {' Z8 a
[答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives. |