一、主谓一致
# h3 i+ g8 I9 ~+ P4 t) U 1. 主谓的分隔原则9 A2 H' d; @8 Z# t+ @
S, ——,VO* S0 Q- v& i7 M/ }& b2 N5 |, e" Q y
主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔
2 k- S: o3 _: c- p4 B/ ~ * 主谓一致与主语同位语无关
9 Q4 Q) y+ y( y 2. 定语从句中的主谓一致( F0 F" t. f/ H
……noun.+that/which+V
4 F% {; s* y5 K" W) b% w * that, which并不反映单复数3 j8 C0 r7 E" @; Q% d) O
one of 复n + that/which + 复V
. Z5 z) d* B. i) t6 x the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V
' R9 G, F& z& z9 C% ]0 n/ K 3. 随前一致
* h, I( O( D8 ^ ~+ c2 U together with, as well as, with, including, of. {- Y. t: C& ^" x
4. 随后一致- C0 B/ S# d& S9 k+ {2 a
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V5 `+ Z# d8 d H5 K& z
not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V
* [, g0 x& k7 s, ` 5. 就近一致1 v7 p4 W$ x+ O% O' h: h! _
单n. or 复n.
7 p$ s" e( n" y) P# r either 单n. or 复n.. J/ e9 [7 Y5 n* p! K/ R+ z* T
neither 单n. nor 复n.
+ ^0 n+ t/ {) h/ v is he or we…… 对
) ^# J. x" `. E! y3 O& Q; \) J he or we are…… 对; v( `7 }2 r8 p. \
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词; h. |# t5 U) |$ |% ?+ c
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词
* Q# C1 c$ l) Q2 i( C( R E1 _6 d 例外:war and peace is/was/ O& l1 r, |; D! M" y5 j
black and white is/was
( {. `* h$ F0 M! ~( U bread and butter is/was& M8 R B) Z8 B0 Y1 ~5 g
to love and to be loved is/was
1 P2 u5 H' N8 o 7. 百分比结构8 f# T' l- H. o/ j& C! H
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
, A8 f+ ^0 p& T# U- w9 E. ` a __+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数
( P5 q5 Y; L1 D o1 ^' R# O 8. 倒装句中的主谓一致1 m; r8 I/ Z( ^; I! i+ x. s
There be……4 Y. E5 x5 j: u, l* t
between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装: B3 }9 N4 R' Z; X# [
Between ……+ be + noun.
) |% f6 u9 a3 w Among……+ be + noun./ K1 I& o: W- f/ O) E3 g% ?3 S' F
主 + 系 + 表2 @: n4 O8 H" t+ t
主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致
- A" T' O. M1 \0 T 9. The+ adj.5 M4 p' @, l& t% [& `2 N, m0 D
a. 表示"一类人"用复数V
( p7 S- J. B: B/ v* x The rich are ridiculous& W% N! {0 W) ~" F: ~
b. 表示某一抽象概念8 { s7 \5 ]6 u' e- J4 Y
The good is attractive
2 h( X4 ~7 ~* Q7 U# M3 s5 `/ I! w 10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V$ A, ?7 p$ [- `$ J
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V
4 ~9 c: o5 w+ ^ many a + 单noun. + 单V
' f5 g! H; ~% k0 r a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two8 K3 A4 m' o0 Y5 H( n
news 单数 measles 不可数) I; O( _ s( o& ` D% s
the series 用is/are从上下文得出
/ I( t+ x. i( {9 \- j 二、时态1 Z9 }0 l1 t) c) J3 F' z
1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时" V' E$ z* L j9 [* j* p
2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时
8 l) Z' I+ l* I: I8 } 3. for/since:
1 m8 P+ w8 x+ o9 k# d: b1 E for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时
& t# X9 p O: V, \6 w since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时
. M M) q) I" w4 s7 g I have been a teacher for 3 years. e6 V c: |) D7 D* `" r* [
I have been a teacher since 1996.. m/ k( O+ u, M
I was a teacher for 3 years.
& P; M! f$ A5 Q; {- x) I: Q 4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
% b3 N) P+ Y8 ^" J a/ L 时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用
, h. f" S! b9 W3 l: r, s9 l 一般现在时和一般过去时混用# b0 ?( V8 y+ i
三、语态 考主被的混用
3 P' H0 V. o2 m# W9 d" k" h 一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感- |/ X8 m# }- W1 |% s& L
1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj./ p# R" r" G; s: y5 ?9 j
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
5 [$ h0 Z5 R! J0 M9 K+ i$ M" O my advice rpoved to be wrong
4 Y3 t. G4 f; e' t 2. 位于:locate永远考被动
4 ~5 C8 x5 Z3 b% h5 n O5 [ situate 主动:把……放置;确定位置
3 ~7 e3 O4 U" Q% [! A; F 被动:位于, Z: N$ S4 K9 G, f, t6 s: E
3. 需要:need, want, require
8 n: e/ v; T$ E N# K P W. g+ c( y ┏ 情态动词+动原
: @0 A) |: p0 L' g/ ^ ┃ ┏ doing
7 A! J6 ] q, h4 v/ ^% w need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ……一般
1 G" P0 x- s u2 o) d ┃ ┗ to be done- }! M' J, x3 H: i
┗ n.词
; p. O; h" q1 m/ s: y' M My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动" e2 a0 ?; |( X& J
┗ to be repaired.
& }3 f/ |9 q5 c0 q) Z/ S require┏ to be done* \3 J9 B4 X* g* \$ R
want ┗ doing
% s' \" X3 w2 v V! ? 4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move
6 g; b E; G" J4 D& O I am pleased. 主语高兴
8 l1 V1 Z C6 V The news is pleasing. 令人高兴+ L: m0 g, v$ {3 Q
使……高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)
7 |/ g0 ]: k# o Franklin is so moved.. o7 ?) H9 ]' w8 D
The story is so moving. |