七、平行结构3 O* J+ ^, m) d# ^7 v/ i( ^& O
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构$ r* f7 F7 B1 A y' z3 e
(一) 对等连接词
6 U9 g; v) F5 |" G8 t 一共有三类连接平行结构的词
: ^: ]/ S4 I, O- S* g' b 单一式： and, or ,but2 x w! p- Q' ~0 U6 ?5 P) U, p
相关式： both…and, not … but,
2 m: ~; b. X r2 r0 k4 t either …or, neither…nor2 L: B* `: T4 ^" f5 E& m4 o Y7 i# C
the same…as；as…as, not so…as, not as…as. Q' g0 a9 C) | W4 P A$ z* v
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and,
- B. L* G+ `9 s) d not only…but also(also可以省略)，Not only +主谓，also
- |- l! h' J+ N1 }, C! G1 x2 D6 k7 Y not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well,& j6 t$ M! t3 U/ u. L7 R5 K {: h
短语式： as well as8 Q% `6 x1 T' V( ?
rather than (而不是); d) ~. m$ Q) C& s0 M
other than (除…之外)1 y* D# [ h$ U7 [
instead of (代替)* c; _, v9 \" j, n# E$ ?) l8 s5 ?/ n
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的，另一个单词却不对2 r5 ?6 t$ o$ I8 q) |
例：John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,+ D" i! x& y7 Q* J
A B" u# p5 i% x2 @$ `! f/ o! w5 F, G
but he is now living in Detroit.
7 ^( O% L/ Q! ?, w% H5 P C D% Y" u$ O d# h# M
分析：B错，应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法，不能用since …to…。
9 Y" c" k3 d, g# Z 例：Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics E+ V- p. b" j" j u
A B8 `8 T: K) W L" O7 Y" C* d3 R1 \7 C
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford" F* R$ a H) }' }% d
remained active in city and regional planning.( r. M3 b% J0 M6 g8 v
C D
0 T3 B& J, b8 O& q+ j1 x 分析：B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半
9 R. G8 @. f: k6 W9 j/ ]( P (二)平行的内容& }5 F, i3 E6 t! I T
第一、引导词性的平行，词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行) i6 o @5 h8 h6 ]3 X0 q% ~5 g$ P4 ^
例：Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of
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4 E5 v# y+ X- Q" a W an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally,
$ y! E, g' R" J) V C D
! H& l9 s% F) d! Y8 C7 u7 d! V or yearly periods of light and darkness.
4 k! h; A# r3 s$ [$ X) H 分析：D错，应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中，daily和yearly是形容词，seasonally是副词，故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods，三个形容词的平行，词性平行
- [. _' V3 J: _, x2 B* p0 Z 第二、名词单复数的平行
. y" `8 H# z% } h+ X1 T! M 但是如果既有可数名词，又有不可数名词，可以不平行
7 {% I2 ~) E. y9 h. a 例：The main advertising media include direct mail,
1 l' D% k, j% A A B C. a( ?/ D/ C' w% b
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper.# f6 \9 v5 k; l. m/ [
D8 Z. D# \: X& N* D) x. `# H- u
分析：D错，应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词，在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式，并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。
% w: H- r- U) U; K, z# C 例：The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate,
- S1 \9 @6 H: O A B ]" ]% r$ @# _: M; T8 l p( I' Y
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world.# S6 w5 G5 G4 q! r: Z
C D& Y% X2 M. q# d" H
分析：海岸气候只有一个，但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个，所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行；因此D没有错，A错改为have
" l3 `6 g F+ }1 f( z6 p! |6 b 第三、时态的平行
' u/ @- A+ j! H4 y 例：The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated7 G5 n2 Z/ }7 {+ `
with the imagist movement , but later develops
" c- K- g4 h0 }1 r2 _8 S( I B3 m1 M. [# ?2 ^$ i
her own thyme patterns and verse forms.3 m" {$ N( p' u% ^9 K' V
C D
' O; [1 `( }( @/ j 分析：B错，应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时，与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。
3 T/ v% q5 h% x- A, { 例：Because the papaya grows readily from seed , -----; Y* ^; M$ q l
spread from its home in Central America and
" E: o9 C9 B% B( C% v. F now grows throughout the tropics.3 ]9 }" ~4 F( K: A3 Y
(A) to be (B) it8 F' m$ e0 z9 j
(C) the (D) its
9 h3 q5 X$ p$ `6 Q 分析：正确答案为（B）。空格前是原因状语从句，后面紧接着是谓语动词，空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式，没有数的变化，因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢？
$ b1 s( C* h$ O3 ?+ G, D, R 原来它在Central America 的家乡传播，现在在整个地方传播，now只修饰后面的grow
6 }! |/ b4 [9 `; l( _. G; K) l 例：Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ----2 `2 v- l/ \! E1 J
commercially for their meat and eggs.
* K5 a6 Z- g- a. L (A) raised (B) and are raised
# K7 o, g* l+ U2 V: z- | d5 | (C) raised as (D) are raised
" Q& w& F1 i( s1 c& T- y. X6 R+ a 分析：正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子，根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则，B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选（B）。 o* y8 I2 }3 Y7 [/ r2 H
第四、排列位置的平行7 R: d5 S( W" H5 c
例：---the surface of metal, but also weakens it.
7 k; M( B8 \- W. |) Y (A) Not only does rust corrode
0 g! A b5 F6 x8 L5 l+ g: p (B) Not only rust corrodes
$ B% k, ~! Y3 _5 f (C) Rust, which not only corrodes' ~5 P& @" c* _3 v
(D) Rust not only corrodes3 [9 [/ n( E4 F3 H
分析：正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知，not only也须置于动词前，故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了，C使句子缺主句，故排除。( x* z' B1 Y7 T$ X+ b/ a
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种：
0 p1 ]$ ^5 p' L0 w X. C* ? 1、主语+not only +谓语，but also+谓语，正确；例如上面例题中的第四个选项。
+ a0 S% Y, E s, W( b F9 G 2、Not only +主谓，but also+主谓，正确2 R- x8 {, h0 `3 @
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3、Not only +主语+谓语，but also+谓语，错误 |
发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18
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