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[词汇辅导] 托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅰ

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、代词
% x' D: j! E, }8 Q- ]; G- w) ?4 Q7 q  代词中主要讲解六个问题  (一) 掌握代词的几种格:主格、宾格、所有格  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)
  N  y6 Q0 H) {6 f! X) N4 C3 ?  (二) 反身代词8 M2 m; g6 z' D$ g3 J
  当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。  X( E; V* |3 e  s  \
  He killed himself. (他自杀了)
; K. W4 C# X- l- y0 f, g, S1 {  He killed him. (他杀了他)  例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating+ V) c, Z; N, F1 }. u& o) ]" Q
  A                 B" X% ^8 ~) S8 g4 V1 z* u
  a series of indicators that could help; n! M# |& U" X# y0 o; |+ \
  C
3 e" R6 ]0 B# C/ Y  themselves to predict earthquakes.
8 W8 U8 n( o& S7 L! `  D, J. V$ p( Q* {  A
  分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。, J) w6 Y3 i/ F& o" b6 s
  Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物。) t7 c1 Z5 d: v6 Q7 ?6 [7 E5 K
  (三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别4 _0 Q! k( T0 w# h9 `3 N+ a/ _5 V
  在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。/ a* u) r+ D" L6 U: {0 @3 m7 O2 i
  例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
) ~) D$ t+ @, z7 [( L( S  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
3 f" s9 c3 U7 |8 R, R. O  A   B      C          D
( N" ~; w5 {- W) D, Z" ~1 d) L  Pacific.  l( c2 j" C/ V! A% x+ v
  分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
0 k1 c2 |* W/ i/ M2 u; x  Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
3 l2 `# D  E' S  S  Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
, |& h  R, V! M2 `; _  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品" [7 a" L4 y! `. ?, u- r: i/ G
  例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined& ^0 j3 a& P9 O) ^& |6 j
  A
) q, T/ d0 W7 c# x  the word“normalcy”to express social and
& d, s" j9 ?5 w3 ?# U0 D  B
; _: S# a% \& p8 Y8 q6 M  economic conditions they promised the nation.- Q  L$ ^# G! t+ z; S& _
  C       D: G% D$ t. j; w; q; h! o0 D
  分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。8 {: d! l# |9 q& t
  例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important! }' X1 k2 ^' ^. e
  A
2 \  c$ R! c( A, r0 O" E) M  work is not poetry, but his biography, John
% b+ `' A6 Z% e8 c  B        C' b: X) @) o  x! ^5 ]: Q
  Keats, published the year of her death.
* N8 J0 M" A) v  l9 }4 B7 ^' [  D7 @: @2 @; P2 C/ i4 s
  分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
' m+ f8 h+ N" L1 B  (四) Who和which的区别2 b. C0 d$ `# m5 @. ]1 }# {
  which指代事物或者动物,who指代人,who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物。
. Z7 T3 Y" b0 r2 B! o8 K  例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who! j: I. ^. A" w5 D
  A            B
. Q2 T+ V: c7 I! i* H  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.0 s* D* j/ |  r) x9 G% N
  C                  D3 I, Y1 l* C5 u
  分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。
& J( ]- h, u  K! G& I  人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明。
* Y- W, C7 i: Y. `  (五) that和which的区别  介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外  例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it4 l6 p- h& |7 }# g. _6 Z% _0 O
  A        B6 a0 T/ Q8 e5 L1 ?' {4 l2 v. ?( k
  would affect society could not have been foreseen.$ B& H) u5 Y4 ~3 b; j
  C              D. |) @5 I: @0 G3 i! U  p/ [
  分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见7 d1 b$ J- h5 E% P
  (六) 定语从句的特殊省略 Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when,way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which。
( o- v6 H6 X% G7 C  I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world./ z2 e' F. [4 i/ f6 ?0 _
  例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
$ v+ b8 ^+ M/ T& i" `$ b  A         B
8 Y% z  T; X3 _  ^  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
4 c# o! D+ i7 S- J4 q% A  C      D9 o' v0 L6 u5 @/ M3 D
  分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略  L& {3 q" J, W( [3 M9 d* l3 u
  例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has
7 e9 ?* E& u& H% I+ Y) |8 H( `  affected the way people in the United States----.6 z3 l' C# }7 C! ^0 E8 R
  (A) living and working+ d9 Y+ S# @/ [
  (B) they live and work' ^- i+ n* \3 n& \; R5 [
  (C) live and work
4 Y5 `( Q& X) `* H+ \1 x  (D) to live and to work
: t7 e& ]3 ?; `0 O' |5 y  分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。
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