一、代词
% x' D: j! E, }8 Q- ]; G- w) ?4 Q7 q 代词中主要讲解六个问题 (一) 掌握代词的几种格:主格、宾格、所有格 名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)
N y6 Q0 H) {6 f! X) N4 C3 ? (二) 反身代词8 M2 m; g6 z' D$ g3 J
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 X( E; V* |3 e s \
He killed himself. (他自杀了)
; K. W4 C# X- l- y0 f, g, S1 { He killed him. (他杀了他) 例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating+ V) c, Z; N, F1 }. u& o) ]" Q
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a series of indicators that could help; n! M# |& U" X# y0 o; |+ \
C
3 e" R6 ]0 B# C/ Y themselves to predict earthquakes.
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。, J) w6 Y3 i/ F& o" b6 s
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物。) t7 c1 Z5 d: v6 Q7 ?6 [7 E5 K
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别4 _0 Q! k( T0 w# h9 `3 N+ a/ _5 V
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。/ a* u) r+ D" L6 U: {0 @3 m7 O2 i
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
) ~) D$ t+ @, z7 [( L( S that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
0 k1 c2 |* W/ i/ M2 u; x Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
3 l2 `# D E' S S Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
, |& h R, V! M2 `; _ Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品" [7 a" L4 y! `. ?, u- r: i/ G
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined& ^0 j3 a& P9 O) ^& |6 j
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) q, T/ d0 W7 c# x the word“normalcy”to express social and
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; _: S# a% \& p8 Y8 q6 M economic conditions they promised the nation.- Q L$ ^# G! t+ z; S& _
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。8 {: d! l# |9 q& t
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important! }' X1 k2 ^' ^. e
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2 \ c$ R! c( A, r0 O" E) M work is not poetry, but his biography, John
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Keats, published the year of her death.
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
' m+ f8 h+ N" L1 B (四) Who和which的区别2 b. C0 d$ `# m5 @. ]1 }# {
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人,who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物。
. Z7 T3 Y" b0 r2 B! o8 K 例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who! j: I. ^. A" w5 D
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. Q2 T+ V: c7 I! i* H account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.0 s* D* j/ | r) x9 G% N
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。
& J( ]- h, u K! G& I 人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明。
* Y- W, C7 i: Y. ` (五) that和which的区别 介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it4 l6 p- h& |7 }# g. _6 Z% _0 O
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would affect society could not have been foreseen.$ B& H) u5 Y4 ~3 b; j
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见7 d1 b$ J- h5 E% P
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when,way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which。
( o- v6 H6 X% G7 C I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world./ z2 e' F. [4 i/ f6 ?0 _
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
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8 Y% z T; X3 _ ^ reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 L& {3 q" J, W( [3 M9 d* l3 u
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has
7 e9 ?* E& u& H% I+ Y) |8 H( ` affected the way people in the United States----.6 z3 l' C# }7 C! ^0 E8 R
(A) living and working+ d9 Y+ S# @/ [
(B) they live and work' ^- i+ n* \3 n& \; R5 [
(C) live and work
4 Y5 `( Q& X) `* H+ \1 x (D) to live and to work
: t7 e& ]3 ?; `0 O' |5 y 分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 |