a我考网

 找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

扫一扫,访问微社区

查看: 124|回复: 1

[词汇辅导] 托福语法指导-平行结构及真题要点解析

[复制链接]
发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构' P/ C$ p( J0 s, c6 e: E
  解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时,这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分,多是考试焦点。 全真例题分析
  Z% K' x& y# q( v$ v7 K  (1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
. v% s7 I) Y" j/ T) k! k6 r$ J4 {  [答案] A 并列连词or连接三项,其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque,故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。
9 e' M+ A2 V( |  (2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)1 Z/ ^3 M; q2 \- L' f7 z2 X( d
  [答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词,故(A)动名词应改为actress.* E( d  X0 F: V. m* P& @
  (3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)3 U2 A2 Z3 Y+ B9 t
  [答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构,其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式,故(C)亦应改为单数tissue.
) W, T& K  m9 K6 ]" g: P( @7 W  (4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
9 X2 ?0 A: |; D; a2 x0 g6 Z! o3 ~  [答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构,前两项均为动词原形,故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
) X, M1 |  E3 n6 z* E# p' q2 W  (5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)& ^; U7 C1 X: j) _
  [答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词,故(D)不应出现句子结构,而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
& f) W1 G, ^3 A1 ], x  (6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.$ ]" u3 j6 D) q# k- `
  [答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词,故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing.
! L' Y/ j$ C# v* P9 s1 u' d  2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等,比较范围相当。
9 n8 ~  I  o7 G3 R5 a& i+ I5 V  全真列题分析
5 F1 [* _7 U# J) s5 S; Y% P# Y  (1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States —— Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
# r: D2 w* @% ]' ~2 a. h1 v5 s  (A) as was7 h, w( a& N! H9 m9 ]: f* v4 l
  (B) than was& }% O* Y& o7 j+ k7 R9 s
  (C) than did0 d% V5 u2 w9 e7 Q; f. }3 R
  (D) as did (92.8): e8 q* L2 X) T- b7 L  b/ K
  [答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had,故选(C)than did与之平行。
$ W! i# Z% |/ X: T4 q7 x  (2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than ——
' j6 }* k# V: S$ c" x7 ]  (A) there are most other states6 O; Z) ?! |+ h" ~( J2 I/ C
  (B) most other states which have
& x" ~9 ~; y, u: C4 F. T8 a$ X  (C) most other states have
+ ~5 F7 A  B+ _1 x) a/ x1 z6 ^  (D) having most other states (93.10)
& U5 i7 z$ D8 [0 m5 x" r  [答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。+ g% u3 O8 ]! @) V
  (3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than——+ n4 g5 Z8 d- M4 Q
  (A) that of its mining and farming combined7 q, P/ |/ b/ |% k8 F8 }/ o, v6 \
  (B) mining and farming combination0 |5 y. }% u* a8 {
  (C) that mining and farming combined3 v1 C; ]& s) B8 u
  (D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8); I; {1 I0 w# ?* K" o% v( }8 U
  [答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth,故前后比较的范围,内容一致。
5 c8 A% d( Q/ a% g/ s  (4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than——
. u% n% m. |9 U' \0 n8 {* F  (A) the domestic marketer has. C) S/ X0 Q( R/ b9 H( Q' ~
  (B) the domestic marketer does
* b6 L5 G) `. i+ g& Y  (C) those of the domestic marketer
8 E5 B( ^* ?9 P  (D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
2 E0 w# N4 c% W' d/ s  [答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复,用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。$ y; n' A  h  I
  (5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ——  a) f% a% t$ B/ k* R2 n1 [; |2 m
  (A) than cane sugar does/ ?+ x5 {' M9 T
  (B) does cane sugar  Q0 d5 q" U, M2 h, V
  (C) cane sugar
2 Q4 y8 _8 A4 X3 w9 f/ _  (D) than cane sugar (90.5)! r. M- L: y2 U: ~3 Z% k% t2 d
  [答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构,后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B),但可省略系词,如(D)。3 e- i8 x8 X! h
  3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the+比较级要求前后结构相等。 全真例题分析% _: i# o- ?+ H! {; {8 v
  (1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope —— wavier it is.# [- e/ l& ^" p! `8 C3 |
  (A) although
% W1 j  ^7 I( U5 o4 A  (B) which
; j: r1 G' L8 @  (C) and5 R+ q# q* k# {; \6 }+ M3 |
  (D) the (92.1)4 ^# l3 d3 `3 O
  [答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与(D)the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
3 p, ^' I3 }  I  h% O8 M& c  比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
, q! b: G! Y2 L, o, O. `5 n8 h( E4 ]1 v. |
  (2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, —— to the body.
回复

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

托福语法指导-平行结构及真题要点解析

</p>  (A) the stress it is greater
8 O, @3 m" l7 ~1 R/ h  (B) greater is the stress
  d/ a/ D0 p8 q2 t7 z) W  (C) greater stress is
- F1 z. B* O* p# r  (D) the greater the stress (90.1): ?- j" }1 i& G" n7 B2 y1 I
  [答案] D The less the surface 与答案(D) the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
- f' ~0 P3 S( g1 Z+ F( c' h. P  4. 语意上的平行结构
$ ?5 v4 |) y# N& c  解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念,尽管不是比较级句型,但同样要求前后对比双方同形式,同性质。; t8 N" ~4 }3 C' T! b, X
  全真例题分析. y  `. ?' ?5 |3 d
  (1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf —— of the telephone.8 `# b3 h2 q3 g& ~
  (A) than inventing/ X" {  |# V- j) _: l. x" Y
  (B) than as the inventor, u0 n$ a2 P+ I3 _9 Q
  (C) the invention
: M& h: n- H8 r0 m  (D) as the inventor (90.8)  X, K( ?1 l; ]: C
  [答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
: _1 K; e9 h: F3 ~- F  }0 O  (2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions —— a politician.+ d$ ?" U) ^' H" X( v0 B
  (A) such
, g6 S+ T. h$ F: D1 r  (B) more/ A5 S" X1 n5 Q, B( S) T/ u
  (C) as: H/ S9 |, l) }; L
  (D) than (90.1)
; {* [) v% W1 v- K  [答案] C 动词rival (比得上)要求比较二项结构相等。
; W- j% T+ H7 d6 U- e! a# }" Z/ @2 @  (3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first —— any other state.
5 k. a* n$ e# y% O  (A) that exceeded
) j. U  x! S( I  v9 e  (B) exceeded that
% |+ B1 `1 ~+ [  (C) exceeded that of
/ D6 l& D2 N; f9 J  Y  (D) that exceeded of (92.10)
8 ^" t& D3 j) _4 y: F  [答案] C 动词exceeded (超过)要求比较的内容相当。(C)代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”0 @; u$ y* c5 s+ y9 l3 w# m# O
  (4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)2 @1 E; u5 p% Q2 V" M! s2 b
  [答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系,故应用平行结构。(D)改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|Woexam.Com ( 湘ICP备18023104号 )

GMT+8, 2024-9-28 10:19 , Processed in 0.414453 second(s), 23 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.4 Licensed

© 2001-2017 Comsenz Inc.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表