一、主谓一致
% A. ^* q7 R! H9 a: Y. C U1 T: z 1. 主谓的分隔原则
{6 {" u# c* K0 J5 ~ S, ——,VO
2 o- o& L3 R* w. `# U 主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔4 a5 D. ~: U' x; E9 P5 \- H
* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关+ |, S! R" A0 [; c# n
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致1 z8 X% r: _- Y
……noun.+that/which+V
5 s6 ]: s) A+ m * that, which并不反映单复数
$ h, w7 `3 Y$ s one of 复n + that/which + 复V
- S% \: o4 Z& V9 N+ Q2 p: ^# k W the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V+ l! ^1 H7 g% d% H+ k$ h( s! k4 z
3. 随前一致: W7 v" Q& J: x( r# B* s
together with, as well as, with, including, of, _: P7 L) e1 z& W* s
4. 随后一致
) G" d" J- V! ^$ v% v not 单n. but 复n. + 复V2 m- e! S' w/ w; e# m8 [
not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V: A+ |/ s8 ~4 L- I, N, A8 f
5. 就近一致
0 f2 i' p: j; p9 p 单n. or 复n.
- q( w( }5 C) S/ e2 [' I either 单n. or 复n.
+ w+ c1 n. \$ M' @8 f neither 单n. nor 复n.
6 z8 Z3 s' J/ y, n is he or we…… 对% i' B; ~" C8 l* j* c
he or we are…… 对! |! D# b, p5 s8 I' T: ]+ }8 I
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词
5 ?, @5 P; t) m6 C- T, V* _ 不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词/ U% f' t# C& O R, a
例外:war and peace is/was
2 y/ v4 w0 u' }9 ^4 t) K' ^* C black and white is/was
0 e7 Y) Z+ N4 b. i$ R# }9 k! K bread and butter is/was( ]9 v; k+ {/ l% w5 _0 j
to love and to be loved is/was
* ~4 e( X" X _2 [& }, B 7. 百分比结构
& ^; e$ ?/ H8 b3 r, Y( k0 a most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent: m2 g! X" q6 ~2 l4 F5 `
__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数- J. e5 D3 T/ R* ^0 o
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致
6 @3 N! _. n; X There be……
1 f/ l% y) [ z: _5 s* @( M between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装3 @1 M9 s6 O: @! S C8 z% P$ ~
Between ……+ be + noun.1 H% _5 ~7 @9 \" b& N5 e
Among……+ be + noun.
; m5 ?% p4 Y, _1 v 主 + 系 + 表
3 w2 f3 O! s) ]1 L0 R- s5 T 主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致# k% w- B2 B3 M
9. The+ adj.
& X7 \; b1 @! C% F4 I/ T9 A a. 表示"一类人"用复数V
' l5 \$ s. g) H0 c! T: j The rich are ridiculous" n7 J8 X9 N1 @3 V
b. 表示某一抽象概念
# P6 f, b$ `9 |9 a& w/ C' A0 U The good is attractive
6 I4 m" [# H! ` U 10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V
2 S9 J+ ~5 G- u: d, F( K$ H1 M more than one 单数noun. + 单数V
. o: O* H% \( e/ b6 A0 d many a + 单noun. + 单V' z# G# G- x/ q3 C8 P
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two1 q; H$ W. _: `- j. y9 t. h2 [2 {
news 单数 measles 不可数
# E: V& k% N+ W3 i6 M the series 用is/are从上下文得出% x7 v. l! z+ o3 O, q; K
二、时态4 C( d/ f1 J4 c$ k3 e' ^% j
1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时. d# d7 k0 u, I
2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时. W6 d. T( Y! v. e9 m
3. for/since:
# E8 W7 |5 H$ p for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时/ ^! i, P; c3 v& W/ }8 _+ P
since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时
. B1 w, W& `" W* Z3 B% F I have been a teacher for 3 years.
7 ^. V1 Z- R! L! O! E I have been a teacher since 1996.
- ^1 a# K0 ?" M# M" c: l) h I was a teacher for 3 years.
+ k9 }$ I+ r( Q0 I8 `; y& d6 C 4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
$ f; {& y7 |; e0 s3 _0 g1 D 时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用. M& C# a* }- A* ^* Y
一般现在时和一般过去时混用
6 I' H Z1 R7 d B% }& D; p 三、语态 考主被的混用( X) V' f+ q1 U! `4 ~
一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感
o: t& T7 J4 d; _0 Z3 k; T) p2 E 1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
: {# t* P. r. @3 Y7 z' k2 A prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
& C% Y8 c$ [8 ? u# H$ y my advice rpoved to be wrong
2 F8 E7 v2 ^# Q1 J 2. 位于:locate永远考被动
2 O9 s$ }+ r8 T5 Q8 U- A: M situate 主动:把……放置;确定位置. g' v0 T" j* a1 p6 X# v
被动:位于6 c% G6 l+ b3 |! Z8 M* r8 P$ ?: f
3. 需要:need, want, require9 `% V9 F( t" O8 B
┏ 情态动词+动原$ L% f/ Y/ W( i- }) X* w( I
┃ ┏ doing7 f1 f( A4 S E
need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ……一般' t. h: e2 O, d6 B1 s% J) w" Y! K0 |
┃ ┗ to be done
) Z3 p1 O& M* s, _: X2 @$ u' q/ v ┗ n.词
( w% f% z& S0 E7 ]% ]" | My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动" l' q: g) _. `9 F6 p8 }4 L2 f
┗ to be repaired.
, d0 H" @7 Z8 `$ G: y require┏ to be done
4 W5 |6 E. h: I" A, A1 c want ┗ doing
( U/ A# ~& h8 _- X6 Q1 h6 P+ J } 4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move' Y [7 M6 Z2 K1 R7 B
I am pleased. 主语高兴
6 p( g& D' v/ u5 l The news is pleasing. 令人高兴
7 Z! U# ]9 {7 } 使……高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)
4 ?* ?4 z3 L# L# C9 { Franklin is so moved.* U E& f% |( p g# s1 {2 Y- _
The story is so moving. |