托业词汇语法总结

会计考友

　　1. 所有关系代词that，who ，whom， which， whose 引出的定语从句
　　* 关系代词修饰先行词，语法上要充当从句得主语，宾语，定语等。
　　* 非正式文体中，作宾语得关系代词常省略；作主语得在句型为：it be……， that be …… ， there be……时才省略。
, p0 D  d8 i0 j6 m& [0 [, k　　* 从句的谓语要与修饰语保持一致。
　　This is the book whiich/that has just appeared.
5 K: h$ {  m8 b5 l　　The girl （whom/that） you saw yesterday is my girlfriend.
/ c; n$ G- m0 n& X1 ]' U/ W: L　　Then he met Mary， who nivited him to a party.
　　Here is Alice， （whom） I mentioned the other day.
; `+ l, J9 p* x0 u) J8 Z& H8 w7 l2 k　　* 若先行词是everything， something， anything， none， one， some， little， much， the only， the very， 最高级等，有人和物组成时，用that或省略；人时用who or whose.
! n4 p( ?* r- s: l( X　　Is that everything that you want to tell us？
　　This is the only property that i have.
　　He is the greatest man that has ever lived in that country——这个that作主语在这里不能省略，请注意！
' r- N8 r  E5 \# k* z* `* ]　　There are only three boys and two cars that i can see.
　　2. 关系代词as ， but 引出的定语从句
　　* as 可用在the same……as， such……as， as……as……等结构中，作主语，宾语，表语，状语等成分。
　　* but 此时= that/who/which ……not. 与带有否定词的主句连用，在从句中一般作主语。
0 f& E* E! O* D  S. O6 ~: n　　In the nuclear power station we use the same generator as is used in the thermal power station.
　　Ice consists of the same nolecules as water （consist of）
/ G% `* i/ ^( ?　　I have never seen such kind of people as they are.
+ a. B! S! M4 `3 z7 V7 l) F( J　　There is no rule but has （which/that does not have） exception.
  _) i5 _2 {( u' x( z' g) t　　3. 由 “介词＋whom/which" 引出得定语从句
　　* 非限制性定语从句中，all， nost， some， any， few， both， one 等可与"of + whom/which" 连用，表示部分与整体得关系。
. ?/ F5 h+ M0 d% t1 m3 ?　　* 有时候也可以用“名词/代词＋of + which" 来引导定语从句。
2 V# \4 q! l" ?" T6 z/ V　　The colleague with whom I am working can speak French.
　　The colleagur （whom/that） I am working with can speak French.
% }, j; w5 V3 L& @　　The car， for which she paid $1，000 for.
. m0 t9 d, E  _　　The car， （which/that） she paid $1，000 for.
, B" e3 `2 E, y/ f  R　　Moleculcs make up matter， the state of which/whose state can be changed.
　　*修饰way， direction， distance等名词时，还可以用"that" 来引导，或是省略
　　That is the way （in which/that） he worked.
　　The distance （through which/that） light reavels in a second is about 300，000 kilometers.
: C6 V$ l, Z. }4 k) @" P　　4.关系副词when， where， why 引出得定语从句
( S- S1 k, N+ _# z3 q. N　　* when， where 句中作状语，＝“介词＋which"
　　* 修饰reason可用why or for which or that
: Q/ `) O, A. A+ {# n3 w' R　　* 在非正式文体中，when and why 常省略，where 被介词后置的形式代替。
　　I do not remember the day （when/on which） he left.
! B! E& L! R) P/ M" w　　The year （when/in which） I entered the university was 1908.
4 ~, Q* g6 a1 z  F4 Y% p　　With TV， we can see things happen almost at the exact moment （when/that/at which） they are happpening.
　　That is the rason （why/that/for which） she spoke.
4 `0 E4 `, W, _) N* f7 l# L　　5. as， which 引导的特种定语从句
1 [9 ^2 d( W$ X, n# v- X　　* 在引导非限制性定语从句时，as，which 代表前面整个句子。
( }% D( ?' j/ Q( n7 ?* ]4 V" u* g　　* as 可作主语，宾语，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，位置不定。
　　* which 作主语， 同上，引导的从句不可前置。
4 E7 ^7 ^$ }* F% s! ^$ P4 N0 E, |　　As was usual at the weekend， the club was almost empty.
4 p8 s3 I+ X; ^) p& A　　As you can see， we have got a problem with the engine.
' V6 f3 |' H0 g! [, P* H　　Metals have many good propertics， as has been stated before.
　　He missed the train， which annoyed him very much.