句点(Full Stop / Period,“.”)
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问号(Question Mark,“?”) 4 Z" H5 T4 Y$ O/ s8 y! N1 g3 I
感叹号(Exclamation Mark,“!”) ' t% X( P, W* y; L8 w
逗点(Comma,“,”) ' O6 Q' Y* O) h- g8 g3 v
冒号(Colon,“:”)
/ m0 ]: H% b" Z; k' D, T1 {" L3 Z分号(Semicolon,“;”)
U& `- m9 H2 u. C% `. c连字符(Hyphen,“-”)
! q& v6 g( T4 _1 U! [# z$ c% L+ r4 B连接号(En Dash,“–”) " T9 E! L7 Q& r& h+ s* m
破折号(Em Dash,“—”)
* ?) X) J% Y; ^1 m; f6 G" e括号(Parentheses,小括号“( )”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}”) ( p* T# u- ]- R
引号(Quotation Marks,双引号“"”;单引号“‘”) : N( D0 e+ O. H. y. l6 k) q
缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe,“‘”) + y+ |& o# z- N5 J* L
一、.句点
; K# U# \9 T% J; \$ W1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。
3 c; V8 g& {5 n5 d" o( A% B& U2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写,如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母 形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如 IBM, DNA 等。 * Q. M; i [- b7 p( j9 W" n' g# J* n. l
二、?问号 ' \2 ?' A. i5 X0 B3 _7 B$ z
问号要用在一个直接的问句,而不是间接的。 / @" S, c% G3 g+ W; y
如 How will you solve the problem? 是正确的用法,但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不对了,应该使用句点而不是问号。 7 E2 Q7 V) G M- E# P4 q
另外,在客气的用语中,也是用句点而不是问号.
8 a2 B! ]( l1 n; A如 Will you please give me a call tomorrow. % X2 ^; }6 |/ U6 Q, V
三、! 感叹号
g1 g! z/ O' K0 s/ p感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中,在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用,因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。
5 S, x- W. ^3 z四、;分号
1 Q3 [+ S+ }% Q9 e' p, U) a1.与中文一样,分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下,使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系,另外分号也经常与连接副词 thus, however, therefore一起 使用(放在这些词语之前)。如 I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it. 3 T- L/ Q1 B5 _) Z2 F& N
2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点,为了避免歧义的产生,就用分号来分隔相似的内容。如 7 q7 V7 \& ~0 c4 a! |) {
The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
/ N5 x' `2 h; s需要注意的是:一个完整的句子以大写字母开始,以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代替句点 、分号、冒号或破折号叫“逗号错”,这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例句:
( _: y$ B! \, R8 L误:It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. (注意:上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语,而且逗点前后的句子是完整的----- 单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思。因此,用逗号违反了英文规定,即一个句子只能有 一套主干。) $ O, o, P8 s* Q. r9 O
正:It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields. % x( S) P! M1 @4 L& d- X4 i
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. 9 ]) X( N; y3 N, B+ Q0 {
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
2 O0 u1 y% K5 o4 B. Q, n# F, rThey could not work in the fields because it was raining hard. 1 _$ R( P& ^2 p9 q5 q& ~# g: S( {
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
0 \! A* j" @; l( t, ^$ F1 qAs it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
# |2 M+ i8 d5 U+ C% {误:The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea. ! D: s2 p! l9 r
正:The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea. 5 R+ S3 c' D' j- p
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea. 8 [' T& u Q8 A9 s8 x
五、:冒号 " M& i; _% M* @- _
1.冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释,如 This is her plan: go shopping. - m+ R, w3 ^' x2 T" M9 q
2.冒号用于名单之前,特别是一个竖排的名单。
/ u5 c# t- [5 @3 k) K! P+ r3 iWe transferred three employees to new branches:
$ o J; r8 D' q1 A1 e8 {? Tony Wang to New York City ( \" W* |; ]$ C* X! o
? Mike Jackson to Tokyo 9 Q- a) j- V, ]+ T0 s8 l
? Mark Foster to Paris
" R& H- o+ l- q2 O) Y5 P/ n0 F当名单横排的时候,冒号要用在一个完整的句子之后,如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.
9 x4 m0 L* l# a1 d) }% G- V9 R/ ^3.冒号用于一个正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: “It was horrible.”
: M! H6 O. J$ w* \+ G; t8 O( p# Y4.冒号也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面,如 Dear Mr. Lee:(美国英语中,信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号,而在英国英语中多用逗号。) # A* y: d% u- T# w. |
5.冒号用于数字时间的表示,如16:45 或 4:45 p.m.
. u' b4 P2 w3 T6.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间,如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data % ^3 ?( M& B# H2 s
六、,逗点
% g Y0 D' j- n. U1 m4 R1.逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容,如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen. 4 P8 s# v: z" z
2.逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之间,如 a small, fancy bike & h9 U" t8 M2 t: o, X; A
3.逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句,而且每个句子的主语不同,如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired. 5 Y9 g# k; _: m3 j) J: Y" X
4.逗点用于关联的子句之间,如 Since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him.
0 _; D7 X# d1 M' i) f5.逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后,如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
9 G I+ J/ u/ d1 z0 u6.逗点用于直接引用的句子之前,如 Mary said, “Let’s go fishing.”(注意:这里 说的和上面提及的冒号在直接引语中的使用不一样。如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就要 用冒号,一般情况下就用逗点。) 如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点,如 Mary said we should go fishing. 在反问句之前要使用逗点,如 : He worked very hard, didn’t he?( A* w3 P' R Z$ [/ n) `
英国英语和美国英语标点符号的差异 5 [( t. F" V- y6 i
- _: u# _3 v- W$ i1.引号的用法:①属于引语的逗号、句号在美国英语中位于引号内,而在英国英语中多位 于引号外;②引语内再套用引语时,美国英语中双引号在外单引号在内,而英国英语中的 单引号在外、双引号在内。 |