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[综合] 综合辅导:GRE考试阅读长难句难点分析

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发表于 2012-8-15 12:35:41 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  GRE考试阅读长难句一直是影响考生阅读成绩的一个难点,很多考生都反映,单词背得不比别人少,但是为什么看不懂文章呢?这就主要是这些长句在文章中比较多,难理解。首先给大家介绍下GRE考试阅读长难句的一些类型。
+ m. F) F" x( L  j) i9 X7 n& O  1、长成分
8 G8 {8 R, R& ^4 e0 [) A! C  1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分. P' H9 V* ?# Y6 c/ W
  a、主语从句
  H& z- {4 {9 {" t) U" }! S8 k  b、宾语从句
0 o, u: {. n, F/ f  2)长状语
" v" R6 x/ K8 H6 q- h" w! G  3)层层修饰+ [3 L7 f: i( |0 C  [* v
  4)并列成分
$ M/ t$ n. @3 N! ?& g  2、常见倒装搭配
! x% B6 S. R0 z' e$ b1 o3 G9 M' e  (1)及物动词加介词:固定词组的固定搭配中,经常出现倒装情况,如:bring A to B,写作:bring to B A2 n" a4 `- W! g+ U; L9 C- ?, H8 J2 V: {
  例:Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.: r: R; C0 z# a; j, m2 k4 |
  类似的情况:throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等7 U1 L6 i  ]+ g/ K2 _
  (2)及物动词加副词6 p8 c# b7 {4 }4 G
  例:make possible …(单词或者句子)
8 X7 y5 }5 j1 S* V- ~  3、省略的几种情况! G( c* U8 T' w6 k4 J/ f3 F
  (1)重复的成分8 `- E( X% f, U7 Q4 v% ~* D1 B
  (2)让步转折的省略:如although (but)
) h- m2 L1 O& g  (3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
, {4 l; g( |4 r6 A6 L1 o. Y8 [  (4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略,变成后置定语2 L4 z# [3 Q& v  W3 j
  如:qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth- |) F, b* p4 g  q5 b8 G
  4、 短语被分割
# W* P+ y2 s# f  ?) u1 I  如:such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B7 h" z5 j' A2 g, q1 B+ Y, P  |
  5、多重否定. @" l- q9 {; }5 Q0 n' z5 R
  如:Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .
: k" ~9 _$ }! F' x9 j1 ~, Q0 X& D/ v  6、难句分析举例2 c* s6 B; [% l/ u' G' I. C/ c
  Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
1 a9 }, m1 O/ ]- A3 e$ L: C' ]% q  [句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
; ~, K& S  y3 Q7 _) n( [( x8 g  [语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing… ,另一个是(which was)detached…。
% R2 f. I  Z0 B$ o  可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
& O& P+ V( _9 i; P' K, o, b. H2 b/ a  [句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。. Q. E% q- d3 e) N) L3 i' K8 ~1 M
  只有先了解GRE考试阅读长难句的类型,才能找到解决这些长句的理解,对于句子的成分和组成平时也应该多找一些这种长难句进行专项的练习。
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