网络课堂总结(六)

会计考友

Passage 17 现象解释型（女性题材）重点题2679 前两段的对比构成一种现象Prior to 1975*4（文章开头出现这样的时间状语：很可能出现强对比）， union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers， most of whom are women， were somewhat 没怎么加入工会limited. 反面：有利于工会化的因素The factors（原因） favoring unionization drives seem to have been 原因一either（与either…or…同等重要的关联词：more than， less than， so…that…） the presence of large numbers of workers*4A， as in New York City， to make it worth the effort， 原因二or the concentration*4C of small numbers in one or two locations， such as a hospital， to make it relatively easy. 第一个因素：和数量有关；第二个因素：Receptivity*4D to unionization on the workers’ part was also a consideration， 本段最后一重转折，以此为准：加入工会的人少but（极端转折） when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction管区，辖区， the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of *2E the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning（原因大列举，可以跳过，有题再回来查） was based， first， on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off*4E 挑拨离间unionized against non-unionized workers， and， second， on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power*4E， both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number， were scattered in several workplaces， and expressed no interest in being organized， unions more often than not时常（=often） ignored them in the pre-1975 period.与第一段相反：加入工会的人多But since the mid-1970’s（强对比，转折）， a different strategy has emerged. In 1977*1， 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization， compared with 46 percent of government professionals*1A， 44 percent of government blue-collar workers， and 41 percent of government service workers. （多个数字连续出现，可以暂时不看）Since then， however（强转折）， the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980， the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent， while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular， the increase was 22 percent. （多个数字连续出现，可以暂时不看）
解释现象What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? 原因一：女工增多，干到退休First， more（比较句，容易出两种题——正面问：直接事实题；反面问：取非题） women have entered the work force in the past few years， and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age*9E. Consequently（原因）， they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. 原因二：女性运动Also， the women’s movement*5 has succeeded in legitimizing合法化，立法 the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf， thereby （结果，+现在分词，不同于therefore，不可加句子）producing a more positive attitude*5C toward unions. 原因三：public独有的，所以前两个原因不重要，这个原因最重要The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector*7C（首次出现） clerical workers， however， identifies the primary catalyst（原因）—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years， the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting（同change，所以开始讲废话） from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because（原因） there are far more women in white-collar jobs， an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift（同change，所以开始讲废话） and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.

+ O* @" c! N6 t5 S' \1. According to the passage， the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977*1 were直接事实题
# l1 m5 ^7 ~# |professionals*1A
# R8 B9 e  e* i3 ^6 Z, H6 Lmanagers
clerical workers
& [! t+ U3 [3 Y& ?0 f% s# }% _service workers（A）
: @0 s! J, W" R) G5 Y# wblue-collar workers

  J6 R* S0 L2 n$ a2. The author cites union efforts to achieve a fully unionized work force （问解释什么，往前找）in order to account for why直接事实题
politicians might try to oppose public-sector union organizing
public-sector unions have recently focused on organizing women
early organizing efforts often focused on areas where there were large numbers of workers
union efforts with regard to public-sector clerical workers increased dramatically after 1975（E）
+ E( y0 j, `) A: H1 n2 J- ]unions sometimes tried to organize workers regardless of*2E the workers’ initial interest in unionization

3. The author’s claim that， since the mid-1970’s， a new strategy has emerged in the unionization of public-sector clerical workers would be strengthened if the author虚拟语气，逻辑题（支持题：搭桥法，啰嗦法，具体事例法）
described more fully the attitudes of clerical workers toward labor unions
compared the organizing strategies employed by private-sector unions with those of public-sector unions
explained why politicians and administrators sometimes oppose unionization of clerical workers
indicated that the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers was increasing even before the mid-1970’s（E）
4 e3 z+ t) X7 e0 Q: B8 Kshowed that the factors that favored unionization drives among these workers prior to 1975 have decreased in importance反衬法：以前起作用的因素现在不起作用了，所以只能证明有新策略出现。类似搭桥法。（大概只出现过两次，不要求）