网络课堂总结(五)

会计考友

Passage 15 新老观点对比型（美国历史黑人题材）
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史实：黑人从南方到北方In the two decades between 1910 and 1930， over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South， where the preponderance of the Black population had been located， and migrated to northern states， with the largest number moving， it is claimed， between 1916 and 1918. 老观点：来自农村地区It has been frequently（老观点）（-） assumed， but not proved， that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: 第一个原因：南方的棉花工业崩溃the collapse of the cotton industry following（原因） the boll weevil infestation感染， which began in 1898， and 第二个原因：北方增加对劳动力的需求increased demand in the North for labor following（原因） the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility *8A in the North is tied to（原因） rural background， a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
$ ?9 H5 l' a# L新观点：其实来自城市地区But （新观点）the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although（转折） numerous investigations ument an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration， （可以直接看后半句就好了，意思与前半句完全相反）no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600，000（一个数字，要看） Black workers， or也就是 ten percent of the Black work force， reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits，” the federal census*1D category概念，范畴 roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families.（新观点概括，主题句） It is perhaps surprising to argue that （预期反对） an employed population could be enticed to move*2C， but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.（承上启下）
3 E$ B! q! N# Y0 ]2 b% N新观点的证据：为什么搬About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths， masons， carpenters（小列举，三项，不用看）—which had had a monopoly of certain trades， but they were gradually being 第一个原因pushed out被排挤 by competition， mechanization， and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent， more recently urbanized， worked in newly developed industries—tobacco， lumber， coal and iron manufacture， and railroads. 第二个原因Wages in the South*3*4A， however， were low， and Black workers were aware， through labor recruiters*4B and the Black press*4E， that they could earn more even（暗示工资差异） as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation， urban Black workers faced 第三个原因competition*4C from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers， who were driven to undercut*3A竞相削价 the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus（小总结）， a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed， and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to（原因） their rural background*5C comes into question.

  b) a  L( @4 Y; d4 P$ M1. The author indicates explicitly明确 that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?
7 {/ ]1 o; R( G  [3 a- z& e% {United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930
+ i  T" @% Q% B- [7 M' a0 zPayrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930
1 J9 S! B+ _. A9 V( \& mThe volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910
The federal census*1D of 1910（D）
0 v3 O( \6 \  m& oAdvertisements of labor recruiters appearing in southern newspapers after 1910

* W, z* b" j" i2. In the passage， the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to her argument?直接事实题（预期反对）
It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration.
The eventual economic status of the Great Migration migrants has not been adequately traced.
It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of the country.*2C
It is not true that the term “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” actually encompasses the entire industrial sector.（C）
Of the Black workers living in southern cities， only those in a small number of trades were threatened by obsolescence.
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( u% X8 Q. G5 \3. According to the passage， which of the following is true of wages in southern cities*3 in 1910?题（有定位，最后一段）
They were being pushed lower*3A as a result of increased competition.
7 N7 N2 r: m. E4 {: B, XThey had begun t to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.
They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for unskilled workers.
They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern cities.（A）
2 T. Z: s4 j" z' K) ~They had increased in newly developed industries but decreased in the older trades.