网络课堂总结(十三)

会计考友

Passage 23 结论解释型（印第安人生活故事）特别套路 评述理论著作At the end of the nineteenth century， a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: 原因一they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations现场研究， and they believed that the personal stories， even of a single individual， could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without从室外=（from outside） .原因二 In addition（大列举的非第一点） many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing， and that it was important to preserve for posterity后代 as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.There were， however（转折）， arguments against这段讲缺点 this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas， for example， described autobiographies as being “of limited value， and useful（具有讽刺意味） chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory，” while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time*7C with the tribes they were observing， and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.
( a; [2 X7 A: a; W* z; v$ wEven more importantly讲另外一个更重要的缺点， as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form， much was inevitably lost（-）. 两种人都主观删减Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English*6B and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed， the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures， as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.
2 j. v- ?# x8 {) o9 |, y$ yDespite all of this（转折）后面讲优点， autobiography remains a useful*3*8（+） tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions， incomplete as they may be， are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind*8A世界观 and emotions than any amount of speculation*3A from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.
2 e/ V  ]6 p2 J3 X! K1 q
( P& N% g6 |% L1. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?（重要）
) \* I1 z8 O0 q- H5 zThe historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.
The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.
The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.
The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.现讲方法再讲优缺点（D）
# |9 k3 |* Z, `  AA research method is evaluated and the changes necessary for its adaptation to other subject areas are discussed.
0 f! j  _! h+ {$ Y9 ]) j
! p! O1 j! J# o( A2 }) [8 a  i2. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?类比题
A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.
A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.
3 g4 ?; N) t8 q, D9 H7 QA sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.对自己不熟悉的内容作主观删减
  p) ~8 ~7 ]) w) J2 Q% {A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert.（C）
A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.