网络课堂总结(十)

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Passage 21 结论解释型（美国历史）特别套路 主题Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation， migration becomes the organizing principle主要原则 for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.下面几段是分论点大列举：找数字标志词、主体词即可The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”. Although（看后半句，转折） at first the colonies held little positive attraction（讲原因） for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity*5D. Secondly， Bailyn holds that， contrary to（强对比，出取非题中的对比题） the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks*7， there was never a typical New World community*7C. For example（小例子，可暂时不看）， the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
- l4 ~4 u8 ?9 yBailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants契约佣人， another came to acquire land. Surprisingly（奇怪的语言）， Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first， thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s， however（强转折，可以出取非题）， American employers demanded skilled artisans*1D.前三个论点没有评价，看成正评价
Finally， Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized半开化 hinterland穷乡僻壤 of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct（小+）（让步，后面必有转折） to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But（转折） to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery， as Bailyn does， devalues*8A（大-） the achievements of colonial culture. It is true（小+）（让步，找转折）， as Bailyn claims， that high culture in the colonies never matched*4A that in England. But（大-）（转折） what of seventeenth-century New England*4美国东北六个州的联合， where the settlers created effective laws， built a distinguished university著名大学（哈佛）， and published books? Bailyn might（让步） respond that New England was exceptional. However（转折）， the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans清教徒 had powerful effects on North American culture.
2 s5 g8 ]& {* f这一段该讲什么：总结；或者为什么给这样的评价；要么就是延伸性内容Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution， he fails to*2（-）本段是文章的总结 link*2D their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising很正常 that as soon as they served their time they passed up放弃 good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus， it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began， among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.
1. Which of the following statements about migrants（分论点一和三） to colonial North America is supported by information in the passage?题（简单）
. ?8 ~( d* F$ B+ N* W" R# Z, ~A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.
Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seven-tenth century.
By the 1730’s， migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand*1D by American employers than were unskilled laborers.分论点三（D）
% c) k2 y" j: P" Q( dA significant percentage of migrants who came to the colonies to acquire land were forced to work as field hands for prosperous American farmers.

6 z. ]: {- }* ~! V) h- I2. The author of the passage states that Bailyn failed to*2题（更简单）
give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England
3 u6 W5 M' K' z5 k. g" J$ Cdescribe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the united States
( D" @# C) x, S" A& m9 ptake advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land
relate*2D the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States（D）
* Y( G4 x9 ?8 ?6 K1 Rinvestigate the lives of Europeans before they came to colonial North America to determine more adequately their motivations for migrating
3 E, z" r! x( ?) N
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition（大-小+）?态度题
It is totally implausible.
It is partially correct.混合评价，由限定词修饰的评价词
It is highly admirable.
It is controversial though persuasive.（B）
4 y, O  A& Z! F" a9 oIt is intriguing though unsubstantiated.